We're hiring a Senior DevOps Engineer! Come build with Sports Reference. Apply now.

1971 Major League Rookie Players

World Series Champion: Pittsburgh Pirates

Become a Stathead & surf this site ad-free.

Players listed either lost their rookie status in this season or if you are looking at the 2024 rookies page then they have not lost their rookie status and are still active professionals.

Note that there are special cases with regards to rookie status, so please let us know if you find a listing you believe to be in error.

Batting

Batting
Rk	Name	Yrs	From	To	ASG	WAR/pos	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	Debut	Age	Tm
1	Doyle Alexander	19	1971	1989	1	0.3	146	300	265	19	44	8	0	0	17	0	0	9	77	.166	.195	.196	.391	Jun 26, 1971	20	LAD
2	Lloyd Allen	7	1969	1975	0	0.1	108	43	40	2	8	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	14	.200	.200	.300	.500	Sep 1, 1969	21	CAL
3	Steve Arlin	6	1969	1974	0	0.4	130	261	230	13	32	3	2	0	11	0	0	15	74	.139	.198	.170	.367	Jun 17, 1969	25	SDP
4	Rick Auerbach	11	1971	1981	0	1.0	624	1567	1407	167	309	56	5	9	86	36	21	127	198	.220	.286	.286	.572	Apr 13, 1971	21	MIL
5	Kurt Bevacqua	15	1971	1985	0	-4.0	970	2398	2117	214	499	90	11	27	275	12	20	221	329	.236	.305	.327	.632	Jun 22, 1971	24	CLE
6	Larry Biittner	14	1970	1983	0	-1.1	1217	3443	3151	310	861	144	20	29	354	10	12	236	287	.273	.324	.359	.683	Jul 17, 1970	24	WSA
7	Ron Blomberg	8	1969	1978	0	9.4	461	1493	1333	184	391	67	8	52	224	6	7	140	134	.293	.360	.473	.832	Sep 10, 1969	22	NYY
8	Bill Bonham	10	1971	1980	0	0.2	307	540	471	37	81	15	1	0	24	0	0	13	125	.172	.195	.208	.404	Apr 7, 1971	22	CHC
9	Steve Braun	15	1971	1985	0	17.4	1425	4295	3650	466	989	155	19	52	388	45	27	579	433	.271	.371	.367	.738	Apr 6, 1971	23	MIN
10	Pete Broberg	8	1971	1978	0	-0.6	80	111	101	3	9	4	0	1	6	0	0	2	48	.089	.107	.158	.265	Jun 20, 1971	21	WSA
11	Bill Buckner	22	1969	1990	1	15.0	2517	10037	9397	1077	2715	498	49	174	1208	183	73	450	453	.289	.321	.408	.729	Sep 21, 1969	21	LAD
12	Jeff Burroughs	16	1970	1985	2	17.7	1689	6449	5536	720	1443	230	20	240	882	16	22	831	1135	.261	.355	.439	.795	Jul 20, 1970	20	WSA
13	Don Carrithers	8	1970	1977	0	0.1	163	166	153	11	27	6	1	0	12	1	0	1	47	.176	.181	.229	.409	Aug 1, 1970	21	SFG
14	Chris Chambliss	17	1971	1988	1	27.5	2175	8314	7571	912	2109	392	42	185	972	40	35	632	926	.279	.334	.415	.749	May 28, 1971	22	CLE
15	Reggie Cleveland	13	1969	1981	0	0.5	117	265	232	13	49	6	0	0	17	0	0	6	50	.211	.233	.237	.470	Oct 1, 1969	23	STL
16	Gene Clines	10	1970	1979	0	4.6	870	2556	2328	314	645	85	24	5	187	71	40	169	291	.277	.329	.341	.670	Jun 28, 1970	24	PIT
17	Vince Colbert	3	1970	1972	0	-0.1	98	58	51	4	8	2	0	0	0	0	0	4	22	.157	.218	.196	.414	May 19, 1970	25	CLE
18	Ray Corbin	5	1971	1975	0	0.0	86	93	83	4	11	1	0	0	4	0	0	4	36	.133	.172	.145	.317	Apr 6, 1971	22	MIN
19	José Cruz	19	1970	1988	2	54.4	2353	8931	7917	1036	2251	391	94	165	1077	317	136	898	1031	.284	.354	.420	.774	Sep 19, 1970	23	STL
20	Brock Davis	6	1963	1972	0	0.2	242	611	543	48	141	12	5	1	43	7	10	57	73	.260	.331	.306	.636	Apr 9, 1963	27	CHC
21	Darrell Evans	21	1969	1989	2	58.7	2687	10737	8973	1344	2223	329	36	414	1354	98	68	1605	1410	.248	.361	.431	.792	Apr 20, 1969	24	ATL
22	Ed Farmer	11	1971	1983	1	-0.5	164	53	47	0	4	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	22	.085	.104	.085	.189	Jun 9, 1971	21	CLE
23	Joe Ferguson	14	1970	1983	0	21.0	1013	3624	3001	407	719	121	11	122	445	22	12	562	607	.240	.358	.409	.767	Sep 12, 1970	24	LAD
24	Tim Foli	16	1970	1985	0	5.7	1696	6573	6047	576	1515	241	20	25	501	81	55	265	399	.251	.283	.309	.593	Sep 11, 1970	20	NYM
25	Ted Ford	4	1970	1973	0	0.7	240	781	711	66	156	26	2	17	68	7	5	51	134	.219	.272	.333	.605	Apr 7, 1970	24	CLE
26	Ken Forsch	16	1970	1986	2	-1.0	421	438	383	16	52	6	0	0	17	1	0	16	163	.136	.170	.151	.322	Sep 7, 1970	24	HOU
27	George Foster	18	1969	1986	5	44.1	1977	7812	7023	986	1925	307	47	348	1239	51	31	666	1419	.274	.338	.480	.818	Sep 10, 1969	22	TOT
28	Roger Freed	8	1970	1979	0	1.0	344	828	717	49	176	27	2	22	109	1	4	95	166	.245	.334	.381	.715	Sep 18, 1970	25	PHI
29	Bill Gogolewski	6	1970	1975	0	-0.1	73	92	79	2	10	1	0	0	7	0	0	5	34	.127	.179	.139	.318	Sep 3, 1970	23	WSA
30	Doug Griffin	8	1970	1977	0	1.7	632	2374	2136	209	524	70	12	7	165	33	23	158	204	.245	.299	.299	.598	Sep 11, 1970	24	BOS
31	Ross Grimsley	11	1971	1982	1	-1.3	174	400	353	21	45	4	0	0	15	0	0	6	116	.127	.144	.139	.283	May 16, 1971	21	CIN
32	Pete Hamm	2	1970	1971	0	0.1	23	13	12	1	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	.250	.250	.333	.583	Jul 29, 1970	23	MIN
33	Toby Harrah	17	1969	1986	4	51.5	2155	8767	7402	1115	1954	307	40	195	918	238	94	1153	868	.264	.365	.395	.760	Sep 5, 1969	22	WSA
34	Enzo Hernández	8	1971	1978	0	0.4	714	2612	2327	241	522	66	13	2	113	129	33	189	151	.224	.283	.266	.550	Apr 17, 1971	22	SDP
35	Larry Howard	4	1970	1973	0	0.1	133	405	365	36	86	19	0	6	47	0	1	37	85	.236	.305	.337	.642	Aug 9, 1970	26	HOU
36	Garry Jestadt	3	1969	1972	0	-0.3	176	493	454	33	118	18	1	6	36	1	3	24	45	.260	.296	.344	.639	Sep 17, 1969	24	TOT
37	Fred Kendall	12	1969	1980	0	1.0	877	2823	2576	170	603	86	11	31	244	5	5	189	240	.234	.285	.312	.598	Sep 8, 1969	22	SDP
38	Bruce Kison	15	1971	1985	0	0.9	263	457	404	31	66	15	5	3	31	2	2	16	158	.163	.200	.248	.448	Jul 4, 1971	21	PIT
39	Joe Lis	8	1970	1977	0	1.2	356	907	780	96	182	31	1	32	92	1	3	110	209	.233	.332	.399	.731	Sep 4, 1970	24	PHI
40	John Lowenstein	16	1970	1985	0	9.9	1368	3989	3476	510	881	137	18	116	441	128	78	446	596	.253	.337	.403	.741	Sep 2, 1970	24	CLE
41	Steve Luebber	5	1971	1981	0	-0.2	21	21	19	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	.053	.053	.053	.105	Jun 27, 1971	21	MIN
42	Jim Magnuson	3	1970	1973	0	-0.2	28	16	15	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	.000	.000	.000	.000	Jun 28, 1970	24	CHW
43	Ángel Mangual	7	1969	1976	0	2.1	450	1318	1241	122	304	44	8	22	125	5	8	59	187	.245	.279	.346	.625	Sep 15, 1969	24	OAK
44	Ted Martínez	9	1970	1979	0	-2.7	657	1574	1480	165	355	50	16	7	108	29	20	55	213	.240	.270	.309	.579	Jul 18, 1970	23	NYM
45	Clyde Mashore	5	1969	1973	0	-1.2	241	484	419	58	87	15	1	8	47	11	4	43	102	.208	.278	.305	.583	Jul 11, 1969	26	MON
46	Ernie McAnally	4	1971	1974	0	-1.1	112	224	204	15	27	1	0	1	9	0	1	4	66	.132	.148	.152	.300	Apr 11, 1971	24	MON
47	Luis Meléndez	8	1970	1977	0	-1.2	641	1616	1477	167	366	50	13	9	122	18	16	109	175	.248	.299	.318	.616	Sep 7, 1970	21	STL
48	Roger Metzger	11	1970	1980	0	3.4	1219	4676	4201	453	972	101	71	5	254	83	36	355	449	.231	.291	.293	.584	Jun 16, 1970	23	HOU
49	Steve Mingori	10	1970	1979	0	-0.1	124	12	12	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	.167	.167	.167	.333	Aug 5, 1970	27	CLE
50	Willie Montañez	14	1966	1982	1	1.6	1632	6407	5843	645	1604	279	25	139	802	32	42	465	751	.275	.327	.402	.729	Apr 12, 1966	23	PHI
51	Bob Montgomery	10	1970	1979	0	2.2	387	1285	1185	125	306	50	8	23	156	6	2	64	268	.258	.296	.372	.669	Sep 6, 1970	27	BOS
52	Roger Moret	9	1970	1978	0	-0.3	48	55	50	3	5	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	17	.100	.132	.100	.232	Sep 13, 1970	21	BOS
53	Jim Nettles	6	1970	1981	0	1.1	240	665	587	68	129	15	4	16	57	10	10	70	109	.220	.304	.341	.644	Sep 7, 1970	24	MIN
54	Dennis Paepke	4	1969	1974	0	-2.1	80	211	197	13	36	7	0	2	14	0	1	12	36	.183	.229	.249	.477	Jun 2, 1969	26	KCR
55	Bill Parsons	4	1971	1974	0	0.6	69	166	139	8	23	4	0	1	15	0	0	11	61	.165	.224	.216	.440	Apr 13, 1971	22	MIL
56	Marty Perez	10	1969	1978	0	-0.1	931	3463	3131	313	771	108	22	22	241	11	17	245	369	.246	.301	.316	.617	Sep 9, 1969	25	ATL
57	Lenny Randle	12	1971	1982	0	11.6	1138	4427	3950	488	1016	145	40	27	322	156	112	372	505	.257	.321	.335	.656	Jun 16, 1971	22	WSA
58	Archie Reynolds	5	1968	1972	0	0.2	36	14	11	2	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	.273	.429	.364	.792	Aug 15, 1968	25	CAL
59	Ken Reynolds	6	1970	1976	0	0.2	117	106	97	7	18	1	1	0	2	0	0	6	22	.186	.240	.216	.457	Sep 5, 1970	24	PHI
60	Lee Richard	5	1971	1976	0	-1.4	239	535	492	71	103	12	6	2	29	12	12	33	77	.209	.259	.270	.530	Apr 7, 1971	22	CHW
61	Denny Riddleberger	3	1970	1972	0	0.0	103	10	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	6	.000	.200	.000	.200	Sep 15, 1970	25	WSA
62	Mickey Rivers	15	1970	1984	1	32.7	1468	6027	5629	785	1660	247	71	61	499	267	90	266	471	.295	.327	.397	.724	Aug 4, 1970	22	CAL
63	Jimmy Rosario	3	1971	1976	0	0.0	114	273	231	31	50	6	1	1	18	8	8	36	43	.216	.322	.264	.586	Apr 8, 1971	26	SFG
64	Ken Rudolph	9	1969	1977	0	-0.7	328	812	743	55	158	23	2	6	64	2	6	52	121	.213	.267	.273	.540	Apr 20, 1969	24	CHC
65	Al Severinsen	3	1969	1972	0	0.0	88	7	5	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	.200	.200	.200	.400	Jul 1, 1969	26	SDP
66	Tom Shopay	7	1967	1977	0	-0.7	253	341	309	40	62	7	1	3	20	11	5	26	51	.201	.262	.259	.521	Sep 17, 1967	26	BAL
67	Jim Slaton	16	1971	1986	1	-0.2	38	68	57	4	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	23	.105	.164	.105	.269	Apr 14, 1971	21	MIL
68	Chris Speier	19	1971	1989	3	30.6	2260	8155	7156	770	1759	302	50	112	720	42	54	847	988	.246	.327	.349	.676	Apr 7, 1971	21	SFG
69	Paul Splittorff	15	1970	1984	0	0.5	64	137	121	12	22	1	1	0	4	0	0	7	16	.182	.233	.207	.439	Sep 23, 1970	24	KCR
70	Fred Stanley	14	1969	1982	0	1.7	816	1906	1650	197	356	38	5	10	120	11	6	196	243	.216	.301	.263	.564	Sep 11, 1969	23	CLE
71	Rennie Stennett	11	1971	1981	0	13.9	1237	4810	4521	500	1239	177	41	41	432	75	54	207	348	.274	.306	.359	.665	Jul 10, 1971	22	PIT
72	Steve Stone	11	1971	1981	1	-1.5	159	253	219	9	22	2	0	0	7	0	0	11	92	.100	.147	.110	.257	Apr 8, 1971	23	SFG
73	Frank Tepedino	8	1967	1975	0	-0.4	265	549	507	50	122	13	1	6	58	4	5	33	61	.241	.288	.306	.593	May 12, 1967	23	TOT
74	Ron Theobald	2	1971	1972	0	4.5	251	926	779	95	193	23	2	2	42	11	15	106	77	.248	.342	.290	.632	Apr 12, 1971	27	MIL
75	Mike Thompson	4	1971	1975	0	-0.2	54	46	41	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	28	.098	.159	.098	.257	May 19, 1971	21	WSA
76	Bobby Valentine	10	1969	1979	0	2.0	639	1909	1698	176	441	59	9	12	157	27	20	140	134	.260	.315	.326	.641	Sep 2, 1969	21	LAD
77	John Vukovich	10	1970	1981	0	-3.5	277	607	559	37	90	14	1	6	44	4	5	29	109	.161	.203	.222	.425	Sep 11, 1970	23	PHI
78	Milt Wilcox	16	1970	1986	0	0.3	82	69	62	3	11	2	0	0	5	0	0	2	15	.177	.203	.210	.413	Sep 5, 1970	21	CIN
79	Charlie Williams	8	1971	1978	0	-0.4	268	110	97	5	13	0	1	0	2	0	0	4	33	.134	.176	.155	.331	Apr 23, 1971	23	NYM
80	Earl Williams	8	1970	1977	0	7.9	889	3431	3058	361	756	115	6	138	457	2	5	298	574	.247	.318	.424	.742	Sep 13, 1970	22	ATL
81	Jim York	7	1970	1976	0	0.0	171	44	40	2	3	1	0	1	3	0	0	3	18	.075	.140	.175	.315	Sep 21, 1970	23	KCR
	Totals	796	1963	1990	29	436.7	49498	163874	146082	17320	37482	5891	927	2970	16589	2379	1374	14167	19695	.257	.322	.371	.693

Pitching

Pitching
Rk	Name	Yrs	From	To	ASG	WAR	W	L	W-L%	ERA	G	GS	GF	CG	SHO	SV	IP	H	R	ER	HR	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	BK	WP	BF	WHIP	Debut	Age	Tm
1	Doyle Alexander	19	1971	1989	1	34.8	194	174	.527	3.76	561	464	56	98	18	3	3367.2	3376	1541	1406	324	978	60	1528	53	10	74	14162	1.293	Jun 26, 1971	20	LAD
2	Lloyd Allen	7	1969	1975	0	-1.9	8	25	.242	4.69	159	19	75	0	0	22	297.1	291	183	155	19	196	18	194	11	2	27	1366	1.638	Sep 1, 1969	21	CAL
3	Steve Arlin	6	1969	1974	0	0.4	34	67	.337	4.33	141	123	7	32	11	1	788.2	792	431	379	61	373	41	463	18	3	45	3474	1.477	Jun 17, 1969	25	SDP
4	Larry Biittner	14	1970	1983	0	-0.2	0	0		40.50	1	0	1	0	0	0	1.1	5	6	6	3	1	0	3	0	0	0	10	4.500	Jul 17, 1970	24	WSA
5	Bill Bonham	10	1971	1980	0	18.0	75	83	.475	4.01	300	214	33	27	4	11	1487.1	1512	743	662	98	636	57	985	35	19	68	6484	1.444	Apr 7, 1971	22	CHC
6	Pete Broberg	8	1971	1978	0	-0.3	41	71	.366	4.56	206	134	19	26	6	1	963.0	942	552	488	86	478	25	536	52	5	50	4249	1.475	Jun 20, 1971	21	WSA
7	Don Carrithers	8	1970	1977	0	-2.1	28	32	.467	4.45	165	67	26	11	3	3	566.0	595	331	280	47	267	27	275	26	0	40	2537	1.523	Aug 1, 1970	21	SFG
8	Reggie Cleveland	13	1969	1981	0	8.4	105	106	.498	4.01	428	203	111	57	12	25	1809.0	1843	919	807	152	543	68	930	44	6	49	7731	1.319	Oct 1, 1969	23	STL
9	Vince Colbert	3	1970	1972	0	-0.9	9	14	.391	4.57	95	21	30	3	1	4	248.1	251	138	126	23	125	16	127	14	3	13	1097	1.514	May 19, 1970	25	CLE
10	Ray Corbin	5	1971	1975	0	3.1	36	38	.486	3.84	181	63	62	12	3	17	652.1	638	325	278	59	261	27	348	19	1	22	2813	1.378	Apr 6, 1971	22	MIN
11	Ed Farmer	11	1971	1983	1	0.0	30	43	.411	4.30	370	21	206	0	0	75	624.0	611	343	298	52	345	50	395	12	0	39	2789	1.532	Jun 9, 1971	21	CLE
12	Ken Forsch	16	1970	1986	2	27.0	114	113	.502	3.37	521	241	177	70	18	51	2127.1	2071	881	796	155	586	68	1047	47	7	43	8852	1.249	Sep 7, 1970	24	HOU
13	Bill Gogolewski	6	1970	1975	0	2.9	15	24	.385	4.02	144	44	42	6	2	10	501.0	496	240	224	32	200	35	301	12	0	14	2156	1.389	Sep 3, 1970	23	WSA
14	Ross Grimsley	11	1971	1982	1	6.4	124	99	.556	3.81	345	295	17	79	15	3	2039.1	2105	947	863	202	559	49	750	15	9	40	8544	1.306	May 16, 1971	21	CIN
15	Pete Hamm	2	1970	1971	0	-1.2	2	6	.250	6.41	23	8	6	1	0	0	60.1	72	43	43	10	25	2	19	1	0	2	273	1.608	Jul 29, 1970	23	MIN
16	Bruce Kison	15	1971	1985	0	14.3	115	88	.567	3.66	380	246	54	36	8	12	1809.2	1693	839	736	150	662	58	1073	68	11	58	7676	1.301	Jul 4, 1971	21	PIT
17	Steve Luebber	5	1971	1981	0	-0.3	6	10	.375	4.62	66	24	19	2	1	3	206.1	213	114	106	19	106	8	93	6	1	7	908	1.546	Jun 27, 1971	21	MIN
18	Jim Magnuson	3	1970	1973	0	-0.4	2	7	.222	4.59	36	10	17	0	0	0	102.0	113	63	52	9	41	2	40	3	0	1	445	1.510	Jun 28, 1970	24	CHW
19	Ernie McAnally	4	1971	1974	0	0.2	30	49	.380	4.03	112	97	7	21	6	0	623.1	599	321	279	45	268	19	351	19	1	40	2694	1.391	Apr 11, 1971	24	MON
20	Steve Mingori	10	1970	1979	0	8.5	18	33	.353	3.03	385	2	173	0	0	42	584.2	544	237	197	45	225	53	329	18	1	16	2491	1.315	Aug 5, 1970	27	CLE
21	Roger Moret	9	1970	1978	0	7.4	47	27	.635	3.66	168	82	37	24	5	12	723.1	656	322	294	61	339	20	408	11	2	26	3094	1.376	Sep 13, 1970	21	BOS
22	Bill Parsons	4	1971	1974	0	0.6	29	36	.446	3.89	93	82	1	22	6	0	520.1	473	247	225	52	231	19	282	7	3	19	2224	1.353	Apr 13, 1971	22	MIL
23	Archie Reynolds	5	1968	1972	0	-1.7	0	8	.000	5.73	36	7	9	0	0	0	81.2	100	59	52	8	49	7	47	2	0	5	380	1.824	Aug 15, 1968	25	CAL
24	Ken Reynolds	6	1970	1976	0	-0.6	7	29	.194	4.46	103	51	20	4	1	1	375.2	370	203	186	29	196	13	197	8	1	9	1633	1.507	Sep 5, 1970	24	PHI
25	Denny Riddleberger	3	1970	1972	0	1.3	4	4	.500	2.77	103	0	33	0	0	1	133.0	119	52	41	15	56	10	95	3	0	4	551	1.316	Sep 15, 1970	25	WSA
26	Al Severinsen	3	1969	1972	0	1.2	3	7	.300	3.08	88	0	41	0	0	9	111.0	104	44	38	7	47	13	53	4	1	7	475	1.360	Jul 1, 1969	26	SDP
27	Jim Slaton	16	1971	1986	1	17.5	151	158	.489	4.03	496	360	71	86	22	14	2683.2	2773	1335	1202	277	1004	65	1191	48	6	97	11535	1.407	Apr 14, 1971	21	MIL
28	Paul Splittorff	15	1970	1984	0	22.4	166	143	.537	3.81	429	392	13	88	17	1	2554.2	2644	1243	1082	192	780	41	1057	34	5	41	10829	1.340	Sep 23, 1970	24	KCR
29	Steve Stone	11	1971	1981	1	18.6	107	93	.535	3.97	320	269	15	43	7	1	1788.1	1707	880	788	184	716	22	1065	40	5	31	7640	1.355	Apr 8, 1971	23	SFG
30	Mike Thompson	4	1971	1975	0	-0.6	1	15	.063	4.86	54	29	4	0	0	0	164.2	158	97	89	6	128	6	113	5	3	15	753	1.737	May 19, 1971	21	WSA
31	Milt Wilcox	16	1970	1986	0	13.0	119	113	.513	4.07	394	283	53	73	10	6	2016.2	1991	1013	913	204	770	66	1137	74	11	51	8635	1.369	Sep 5, 1970	21	CIN
32	Charlie Williams	8	1971	1978	0	3.2	23	22	.511	3.97	268	33	70	2	0	4	573.1	581	287	253	38	275	54	257	14	1	24	2507	1.493	Apr 23, 1971	23	NYM
33	Jim York	7	1970	1976	0	0.9	16	17	.485	3.79	174	4	80	0	0	10	285.0	290	131	120	19	132	24	194	12	2	14	1273	1.481	Sep 21, 1970	23	KCR
	Totals	283	1968	1989	7	199.9	1659	1754	.486	3.93	7345	3888	1585	823	176	342	30870.1	30728	15110	13464	2683	11598	1043	15883	735	119	991	132280	1.608

More 1971 Major League Pages

1971 Major League Season

Fielding

Batting

Pitching

Leaders & Awards

Other

1971 Major League Rookie Players

Batting

Pitching

More 1971 Major League Pages

Full Site Menu

FAQs, Tip & Tricks