Mobile Site You Are Here > Home > Box Scores > 1961 > Aug 29, 1961, White Sox at Tigers Play by Play and Box Score

News: s-r blog:Birthdays by Franchise – Baseball-Reference.com

View a short video showing advanced box score features / click orange/red text for additional info

Scores
Standings
CHW
@DET		4
3
BOS
@KCA		8
4
BAL
@LAA		5
6
BAL
@LAA		5
6		 
(11)
NYY
@MIN		0
3
CLE
@WSA		6
4
LAD
@CHC		2
1
SFG
@MLN		6
7		 
(13)
STL
@PHI		5
4
STL
@PHI		3
4
CIN
@PIT		3
0
Tuesday, August 29, 1961,
, Tiger Stadium
Attendance: 47,830, Time of Game: 2:31
White Sox
4
69-62
⇐ Won 5 ⇒
 at Tigers
3
85-46
⇐ Lost 1 ⇒
W: Ray Herbert (9-12)
L: Frank Lary (19-7)
S: Turk Lown (9)
 
                1  2  3   4  5  6   7  8  9    R  H  E
                -  -  -   -  -  -   -  -  -    -  -  -
White Sox       0  0  0   0  3  0   1  0  0    4  8  0
Tigers          0  0  0   2  0  1   0  0  0    3 10  3

Chicago White Sox

Batting AB R H RBI BB SO BA OPS WPA aLI WPA+ WPA- RE24 PO A
Floyd Robinson RF 4 1 0 0 1 0 .311 .855 -0.198 1.68 0.014 -0.212 -1.7 5 0
Nellie Fox 2B 5 1 1 1 0 0 .246 .610 0.102 1.37 0.183 -0.080 0.7 1 3 2B
Jim Landis CF 4 0 2 0 1 1 .283 .819 -0.029 1.36 0.092 -0.121 -0.2 2 0 SB
Roy Sievers 1B 5 0 1 2 0 2 .303 .948 0.347 1.78 0.420 -0.073 1.9 9 1
   J.C. Martin 1B 0 0 0 0 0 0 .228 .637 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.0 0 0
Minnie Minoso LF 2 0 0 0 0 0 .273 .782 0.033 1.21 0.057 -0.024 0.3 0 0
   Andy Carey PR-3B 2 0 0 0 0 0 .258 .729 -0.083 1.47 0.000 -0.083 -0.8 0 2
Al Smith 3B-LF 4 0 1 0 0 0 .276 .866 -0.087 1.19 0.035 -0.122 -0.7 2 1
Luis Aparicio SS 4 0 0 0 0 0 .277 .664 -0.104 1.19 0.020 -0.124 -1.0 1 0 SB
Sherm Lollar C 3 0 1 0 1 0 .282 .744 0.023 0.98 0.062 -0.039 0.3 6 1 IW
Ray Herbert P 4 2 2 0 0 0 .164 .435 0.087 1.52 0.134 -0.047 0.5 1 1
   Turk Lown P 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.0 0 0
Team Totals 37 4 8 3 3 3 .216 .518 0.091 1.39 1.017 -0.925 -0.7 27 9
2B: N Fox (10, off F Lary).
IBB: S Lollar (10, by F Lary).
TB: R Herbert 2; J Landis 2; N Fox 2; S Lollar; A Smith; R Sievers.
RBI: R Sievers 2 (74); N Fox (40).
2-out RBI: R Sievers 2.
Team LOB: 9.
With RISP: 2 for 11.
Baserunning
SB: L Aparicio (43, 2nd base off F Lary/M Roarke); J Landis (17, 2nd base off F Lary/M Roarke).

Detroit Tigers

Batting AB R H RBI BB SO BA OPS WPA aLI WPA+ WPA- RE24 PO A
Jake Wood 2B 5 0 1 0 0 2 .258 .709 -0.265 2.21 0.054 -0.319 -1.3 0 4 CS
Bill Bruton CF 5 0 0 0 0 0 .257 .715 -0.277 1.97 0.000 -0.277 -1.4 5 0
Al Kaline RF 4 0 0 0 0 0 .302 .861 -0.119 1.15 0.000 -0.119 -0.7 3 0
Rocky Colavito LF 4 2 3 0 0 0 .290 1.009 0.182 1.29 0.206 -0.024 0.9 2 0 2B
Norm Cash 1B 4 0 0 0 0 2 .366 1.160 -0.156 1.88 0.000 -0.156 -1.0 8 1
Dick McAuliffe 3B-SS 2 1 0 0 2 0 .254 .716 -0.038 1.57 0.077 -0.115 -0.3 1 1
Chico Fernandez SS 3 0 3 2 0 0 .249 .636 0.355 1.80 0.355 0.000 2.5 3 4 3B
   Charlie Maxwell PH 1 0 0 0 0 1 .248 .814 -0.123 4.73 0.000 -0.123 -0.5
   Reno Bertoia 3B 0 0 0 0 0 0 .224 .553 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.0 0 0
Mike Roarke C 3 0 1 1 0 1 .230 .595 0.007 1.83 0.105 -0.098 0.4 4 0 2B
   George Alusik PH 1 0 1 0 0 0 .400 .800 0.135 3.53 0.135 0.000 0.4
   Bubba Morton PR 0 0 0 0 0 0 .254 .666 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.0
Frank Lary P 3 0 1 0 0 0 .247 .567 -0.052 1.53 0.039 -0.090 -0.5 1 2
   Bobo Osborne PH 0 0 0 0 0 0 .222 .690 -0.056 5.40 0.000 -0.056 -0.2 SH
Team Totals 35 3 10 3 2 6 .286 .724 -0.407 1.94 0.971 -1.377 -1.7 27 12
2B: M Roarke (6, off R Herbert); R Colavito (27, off R Herbert).
3B: C Fernandez (4, off R Herbert).
SH: B Osborne (1, off T Lown).
TB: C Fernandez 5; R Colavito 4; M Roarke 2; G Alusik; F Lary; J Wood.
RBI: C Fernandez 2 (37); M Roarke (22).
2-out RBI: C Fernandez 2; M Roarke.
Team LOB: 8.
With RISP: 3 for 12.
Fielding
E: C Fernandez (22); D McAuliffe (13); N Cash (10).
Baserunning
CS: J Wood (7, 2nd base by R Herbert/S Lollar).

Chicago White Sox

Pitching IP H R ER BB SO HR ERA BF GSc IR IS WPA aLI RE24
Ray Herbert, W (9-12) 7.1 9 3 3 1 4 0 4.74 31 51 0.049 1.45 0.7
Turk Lown, S (9) 1.2 1 0 0 1 2 0 2.55 7 1 0 0.359 4.21 1.1
Team Totals 9 10 3 3 2 6 0 3.00 38 51 1 0 0.408 1.39 1.7

Detroit Tigers

Pitching IP H R ER BB SO HR ERA BF GSc IR IS WPA aLI RE24
Frank Lary, L (19-7) 9 8 4 3 3 3 0 3.16 40 57 -0.092 1.39 0.7
Team Totals 9 8 4 3 3 3 0 3.00 40 57 -0.092 1.94 0.7
Balks: None.
WP: None.
HBP: None.
IBB: F Lary (2; S Lollar).
Pickoffs: None.

Other Info

Umpires: HP - Bill McKinley, 1B - Nestor Chylak, 2B - Al Smith, 3B - Hank Soar.
Time of Game: 2:31.
Attendance: 47,830.
Field Condition: Unknown.
Start Time Weather: Unknown.

Starting Lineups

Chicago White Sox         Detroit Tigers
1 Floyd Robinson RF 1 Jake Wood 2B
2 Nellie Fox 2B 2 Bill Bruton CF
3 Jim Landis CF 3 Al Kaline RF
4 Roy Sievers 1B 4 Rocky Colavito LF
5 Minnie Minoso LF 5 Norm Cash 1B
6 Al Smith 3B 6 Dick McAuliffe 3B
7 Luis Aparicio SS 7 Chico Fernandez SS
8 Sherm Lollar C 8 Mike Roarke C
9 Ray Herbert P 9 Frank Lary P

Win Probability Chart

Explanation of WPA  · Mouse over chart for play descriptions  · See below chart for tools  · Direct Link in URL Bar

Clear Chart
Big Plays
Scoring Plays
Fix Chart in View While Scrolling

Hold mouse over play on chart to see description of play.
Leverage is shown below the chart Low to High.

Top 5 Plays

View Pitches · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Score Out RoB Pit(cnt) R/O @Bat Batter Pitcher wWPA wWE Play Description
t5 1-2 2 -23 RR CHW R. Sievers F. Lary 23% 61% Single to CF; Robinson Scores; Fox Scores
t7 3-3 2 1-3 R CHW R. Sievers F. Lary 19% 69% Reached on E6 (Ground Ball); Herbert Scores/No RBI/unER; Landis to 3B
b6 2-3 2 --3 R DET C. Fernandez R. Herbert -18% 44% Triple to RF; Colavito Scores
t5 0-2 1 12- R CHW N. Fox F. Lary 18% 49% Double to RF (Deep RF); Herbert Scores; Robinson to 3B
b9 3-4 2 -2- O DET B. Bruton T. Lown 15% 100% Flyball: RF

Play By Play

View Pitches · Box Score Explanation · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Score Out RoB Pit(cnt) R/O @Bat Batter Pitcher wWPA wWE Play Description
Top of the 1st, White Sox Batting, Tied 0-0, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 1-2-3
t1 0-0 0 --- O CHW F. Robinson F. Lary -2% 48% Groundout: 1B-P
t1 0-0 1 --- O CHW N. Fox F. Lary -2% 46% Flyball: CF
t1 0-0 2 --- CHW J. Landis F. Lary 1% 47% Single to LF
t1 0-0 2 1-- O CHW R. Sievers F. Lary -2% 45% Flyball: CF
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Bottom of the 1st, Tigers Batting, Tied 0-0, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 1-2-3
b1 0-0 0 --- O DET J. Wood R. Herbert 2% 47% Groundout: 3B-1B
b1 0-0 1 --- O DET B. Bruton R. Herbert 2% 49% Groundout: 2B-1B
b1 0-0 2 --- O DET A. Kaline R. Herbert 1% 50% Groundout: 2B-1B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Top of the 2nd, White Sox Batting, Tied 0-0, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 5-6-7
t2 0-0 0 --- O CHW M. Minoso F. Lary -2% 48% Groundout: SS-1B
t2 0-0 1 --- O CHW A. Smith F. Lary -2% 46% Groundout: 2B-1B
t2 0-0 2 --- O CHW L. Aparicio F. Lary -1% 45% Popfly: SS
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Bottom of the 2nd, Tigers Batting, Tied 0-0, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 4-5-6
b2 0-0 0 --- O DET R. Colavito R. Herbert 2% 47% Flyball: RF
b2 0-0 1 --- O DET N. Cash R. Herbert 2% 49% Strikeout Looking
b2 0-0 2 --- O DET D. McAuliffe R. Herbert 1% 50% Flyball: RF
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Top of the 3rd, White Sox Batting, Tied 0-0, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 8-9-1
t3 0-0 0 --- O CHW S. Lollar F. Lary -3% 47% Groundout: 3B-1B
t3 0-0 1 --- O CHW R. Herbert F. Lary -2% 46% Groundout: P-1B
t3 0-0 2 --- CHW F. Robinson F. Lary 1% 47% Walk
t3 0-0 2 1-- O CHW N. Fox F. Lary -3% 44% Groundout: 2B-1B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Bottom of the 3rd, Tigers Batting, Tied 0-0, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 7-8-9
b3 0-0 0 --- DET C. Fernandez R. Herbert -4% 40% Single to RF
b3 0-0 0 1-- O DET M. Roarke R. Herbert 4% 44% Strikeout Looking
b3 0-0 1 1-- DET F. Lary R. Herbert -4% 40% Single to CF; Fernandez to 2B
b3 0-0 1 12- O DET J. Wood R. Herbert 3% 43% Groundout: 2B-1B; Fernandez to 3B; Lary to 2B
b3 0-0 2 -23 O DET B. Bruton R. Herbert 7% 50% Foul Flyball: 1B
0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Top of the 4th, White Sox Batting, Tied 0-0, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 3-4-5
t4 0-0 0 --- CHW J. Landis F. Lary 4% 54% Single to SS
t4 0-0 0 1-- O CHW R. Sievers F. Lary -4% 50% Strikeout
t4 0-0 1 1-- CHW M. Minoso F. Lary 2% 52% Landis Steals 2B
t4 0-0 1 -2- CHW M. Minoso F. Lary 6% 58% Reached on E5 (catch) (Ground Ball to SS); Landis to 3B; Minoso to 1B
Andy Carey pinch runs for Minnie Minoso (LF) batting 5th
t4 0-0 1 1-3 O CHW A. Smith F. Lary -8% 50% Flyball: RF
t4 0-0 2 1-3 O CHW L. Aparicio F. Lary -6% 44% Groundout: 2B-SS/Forceout at 2B
0 runs, 1 hit, 1 error, 2 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 0.
Bottom of the 4th, Tigers Batting, Tied 0-0, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 3-4-5
Andy Carey moves from PR to 3B
Al Smith moves from 3B to LF
b4 0-0 0 --- O DET A. Kaline R. Herbert 3% 47% Flyball: CF
b4 0-0 1 --- DET R. Colavito R. Herbert -3% 44% Single to CF
b4 0-0 1 1-- O DET N. Cash R. Herbert 3% 47% Strikeout
b4 0-0 2 1-- DET D. McAuliffe R. Herbert -2% 45% Walk; Colavito to 2B
b4 0-0 2 12- R DET C. Fernandez R. Herbert -13% 32% Single to LF; Colavito Scores; McAuliffe to 3B
b4 1-0 2 1-3 R DET M. Roarke R. Herbert -11% 21% Double to CF; McAuliffe Scores; Fernandez to 3B
b4 2-0 2 -23 O DET F. Lary R. Herbert 4% 25% Flyball: LF
2 runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB. White Sox 0, Tigers 2.
Top of the 5th, White Sox Batting, Behind 0-2, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 8-9-1
t5 0-2 0 --- CHW S. Lollar F. Lary 5% 30% Single to CF
t5 0-2 0 1-- CHW R. Herbert F. Lary 8% 37% Single to LF; Lollar to 2B
t5 0-2 0 12- O CHW F. Robinson F. Lary -7% 30% Groundout: SS-3B/Forceout at 3B; Herbert to 2B; Robinson to 1B
t5 0-2 1 12- R CHW N. Fox F. Lary 18% 49% Double to RF (Deep RF); Herbert Scores; Robinson to 3B
t5 1-2 1 -23 O CHW J. Landis F. Lary -11% 38% Flyball: RF
t5 1-2 2 -23 RR CHW R. Sievers F. Lary 23% 61% Single to CF; Robinson Scores; Fox Scores
t5 3-2 2 1-- O CHW A. Carey F. Lary -3% 58% Flyball: CF
3 runs, 4 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. White Sox 3, Tigers 2.
Bottom of the 5th, Tigers Batting, Behind 2-3, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 1-2-3
b5 2-3 0 --- O DET J. Wood R. Herbert 3% 62% Strikeout Looking
b5 2-3 1 --- O DET B. Bruton R. Herbert 2% 64% Flyball: CF
b5 2-3 2 --- O DET A. Kaline R. Herbert 2% 66% Foul Flyball: 1B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 3, Tigers 2.
Top of the 6th, White Sox Batting, Ahead 3-2, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 6-7-8
t6 3-2 0 --- O CHW A. Smith F. Lary -3% 63% Flyball: LF
t6 3-2 1 --- O CHW L. Aparicio F. Lary -2% 61% Flyball: RF
t6 3-2 2 --- O CHW S. Lollar F. Lary -1% 60% Flyball: CF
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 3, Tigers 2.
Bottom of the 6th, Tigers Batting, Behind 2-3, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 4-5-6
b6 2-3 0 --- DET R. Colavito R. Herbert -11% 49% Double to LF
b6 2-3 0 -2- O DET N. Cash R. Herbert 2% 52% Groundout: 1B-P; Colavito to 3B
b6 2-3 1 --3 O DET D. McAuliffe R. Herbert 10% 62% Groundout: P-1B
b6 2-3 2 --3 R DET C. Fernandez R. Herbert -18% 44% Triple to RF; Colavito Scores
b6 3-3 2 --3 O DET M. Roarke R. Herbert 6% 50% Foul Flyball: RF
1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. White Sox 3, Tigers 3.
Top of the 7th, White Sox Batting, Tied 3-3, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 9-1-2
t7 3-3 0 --- CHW R. Herbert F. Lary 6% 56% Single to CF
t7 3-3 0 1-- O CHW F. Robinson F. Lary -6% 50% Foul Flyball: C
t7 3-3 1 1-- O CHW N. Fox F. Lary -2% 48% Groundout: 1B unassisted; Herbert to 3B/Adv on E3 (throw)
t7 3-3 2 --3 CHW J. Landis F. Lary 2% 50% Walk
t7 3-3 2 1-3 R CHW R. Sievers F. Lary 19% 69% Reached on E6 (Ground Ball); Herbert Scores/No RBI/unER; Landis to 3B
t7 4-3 2 1-3 O CHW A. Carey F. Lary -6% 63% Flyball: LF (Deep LF)
1 run, 1 hit, 2 errors, 2 LOB. White Sox 4, Tigers 3.
Bottom of the 7th, Tigers Batting, Behind 3-4, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 9-1-2
b7 3-4 0 --- O DET F. Lary R. Herbert 5% 68% Flyball: LF
b7 3-4 1 --- DET J. Wood R. Herbert -5% 63% Single to LF
b7 3-4 1 1-- O DET B. Bruton R. Herbert 9% 72% Wood Caught Stealing 2B (C-SS)
b7 3-4 2 --- O DET B. Bruton R. Herbert 2% 74% Flyball: RF
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 4, Tigers 3.
Top of the 8th, White Sox Batting, Ahead 4-3, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 6-7-8
t8 4-3 0 --- CHW A. Smith F. Lary 3% 78% Single to CF
t8 4-3 0 1-- O CHW L. Aparicio F. Lary -3% 74% Groundout: P-SS/Forceout at 2B
t8 4-3 1 1-- CHW S. Lollar F. Lary 2% 76% Aparicio Steals 2B
t8 4-3 1 -2- CHW S. Lollar F. Lary 1% 78% Intentional Walk
t8 4-3 1 12- O CHW R. Herbert F. Lary -3% 75% Groundout: SS-1B; Aparicio to 3B; Lollar to 2B
t8 4-3 2 -23 O CHW F. Robinson F. Lary -6% 69% Flyball: CF
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. White Sox 4, Tigers 3.
Bottom of the 8th, Tigers Batting, Behind 3-4, White Sox' Ray Herbert facing 3-4-5
b8 3-4 0 --- O DET A. Kaline R. Herbert 6% 75% Groundout: 3B-1B
b8 3-4 1 --- DET R. Colavito R. Herbert -7% 68% Single to CF
Turk Lown replaces Ray Herbert pitching and batting 9th
b8 3-4 1 1-- O DET N. Cash T. Lown 8% 76% Foul Flyball: 1B
b8 3-4 2 1-- DET D. McAuliffe T. Lown -5% 71% Walk; Colavito to 2B
Charlie Maxwell pinch hits for Chico Fernandez (SS) batting 7th
b8 3-4 2 12- O DET C. Maxwell T. Lown 12% 83% Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. White Sox 4, Tigers 3.
Top of the 9th, White Sox Batting, Ahead 4-3, Tigers' Frank Lary facing 2-3-4
Reno Bertoia replaces Charlie Maxwell (PH) playing 3B batting 7th
Dick McAuliffe moves from 3B to SS
t9 4-3 0 --- O CHW N. Fox F. Lary -2% 81% Groundout: 2B-1B
t9 4-3 1 --- O CHW J. Landis F. Lary -1% 80% Strikeout Looking
t9 4-3 2 --- O CHW R. Sievers F. Lary -1% 79% Strikeout
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. White Sox 4, Tigers 3.
Bottom of the 9th, Tigers Batting, Behind 3-4, White Sox' Turk Lown facing 8-9-1
J.C. Martin replaces Roy Sievers playing 1B batting 4th
George Alusik pinch hits for Mike Roarke (C) batting 8th
b9 3-4 0 --- DET G. Alusik T. Lown -13% 66% Single to P
Bobo Osborne pinch hits for Frank Lary (P) batting 9th
Bubba Morton pinch runs for George Alusik (PH) batting 8th
b9 3-4 0 1-- O DET B. Osborne T. Lown 6% 71% Bunt Groundout: 3B-2B/Sacrifice; Morton to 2B
b9 3-4 1 -2- O DET J. Wood T. Lown 14% 85% Strikeout
b9 3-4 2 -2- O DET B. Bruton T. Lown 15% 100% Flyball: RF
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. White Sox 4, Tigers 3.

Retrosheet.org Boxscore:DET196108290
BackToBaseball.com Game Playback

Play-by-Play Explanation

  • Score- The score from the perspective of the batting team.
  • RoB- This gives the baserunner (Runners on Base) configuration at the start of the play. "1-3" would mean runners on first and third. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • Pit- When available, the number of pitches in this plate appearance. Clicking on this number will show the sequence of pitches thrown including, when available, things like runner going, ball blocked, attempted pickoffs and the like. We believe this data to be as accurate as humanly possible, but there are going to be some errors in the data, so please take it with a grain of salt. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • R/O- This has a "O" for every out on the play and an "R" for every run that scored on the play. Some plays will have both in no particular order.
  • Batter- The batter at the plate when this play occurred. If the play is a baserunning event, then the batter's name will be repeated as indicated by quotes.
  • Pitcher- The pitcher on the mound when this play occurred.
  • wWPA- Winning Team's Win Probability Added. The amount that this play increased or decreased the eventual winning team's probability of winning the game. More About Win Probability Added
  • wWE- Winning Team's Win Expectancy. The probability of the eventual winning team winning the game prior to this play given two average teams playing each other. More About Win Probability Added
  • Play Detail- This is an explanation of the play that occurred. In some cases, batted ball location and type will be indicated within parentheses. Again, these are best efforts to the record the game as it happened. Also, plays made on the baserunners (including the batter as a baserunner) will be indicated in parentheses after the baserunner's name. Advancement of baserunners is given in cases where the advancement is not easily deduced or obvious from the play. For example, advancement for a walk will not be given, but for a single or double it will be given.

Please report any issues or strangeness you see with the description of plays given above. We have tested several hundred different types of plays, but, in all likelihood, there are still some errors or misinterpretations of the play-by-play data.

The play-by-play information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.

In some cases, the results from play-by-play data will contradict results in the official record. The official record has many, many errors, but we have not undertaken to reconcile those errors. Pitch-by-pitch data should not be taken as completely accurate, though we believe it to be as accurate as is currently possible.

Box scores and play-by-play outputs produced by Sports Reference LLC. All Rights Reserved.