You Are Here > Baseball-Reference.com > Players > Russ Springer > 2009 Pitching Gamelogs

Russ Springer
Russell Paul Springer
Bats: Right , Throws: Right
Height: 6' 4" , Weight: 195 lb.

Born: November 7, 1968 in Alexandria, LA
High School: Grant (Dry Prong, LA)
Drafted
by the New York Yankees in the 7th round of the 1989 amateur draft.
Signed June 21, 1989. (All Transactions)
Debut: April 17, 1992
    About biographical information

Team Record in Appearances: 31-43 / Days Rest, Run Support and Inning/Score Usage Below

2009 Pitching Gamelog

Click headers to sort · SHARE  · CSV · PRE · LINK ·
Click two rows to sum games (Clear)
 · More Tricks Below · Click pitches for details from BrooksBaseball.net
Rk Gcar Gtm Date Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
1 665 3 Apr 8 OAK @ LAA W,6-4 7-7 99 1.0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0.00 4 25 15 3 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 -0.02 0.28 7b --- 0 out d3 7b 3 out d4
2 666 5 Apr 11 OAK SEA L,5-8 6-6 H(1) 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 17 12 3 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.06 1.51 6t --- 0 out a2 6t 3 out a2
3 667 6 Apr 12 OAK SEA L,0-1 8-8 0 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.00 4 17 11 2 5 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.05 0.92 8t --- 0 out d1 8t 3 out d1
4 668 8 Apr 14 OAK BOS W,6-5 9-9 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.00 4 23 15 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.14 2.02 9t --- 0 out tie 9t 3 out tie
5 669 11 Apr 18 OAK @ TOR L,2-4 7-7 3 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.00 3 12 9 1 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.09 1.18 7b --- 0 out tie 7b 3 out tie
6 670 12 Apr 19 OAK @ TOR L,0-1 8-GF(8) 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.00 2 12 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.03 0.67 8b 1-- 1 out d1 8b end d 1
7 671 14 Apr 22 OAK @ NYY L,7-9 7-7 2 1.0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.00 6 28 16 3 2 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.09 2.81 7b --- 0 out tie 7b 3 out tie
8 672 15 Apr 24 OAK TBR L,2-8 9-GF 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 12 8 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.00 0.01 9t --- 0 out d6 9t end d 6
9 673 16 Apr 25 OAK TBR W,5-2 8-8 0 0.2 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1.08 4 21 13 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.00 0.53 8t --- 0 out a4 8t 12- 2 out a4
10 674 17 Apr 26 OAK TBR W,7-1 9-GF 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.96 3 13 11 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.00 0.04 9t --- 0 out a6 9t end a 6
11 675 19 Apr 30 OAK @ TEX W,4-2 8-8 H(2) 3 1.0 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 1.74 6 30 19 3 5 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.01 1.92 8b --- 0 out a3 8b 3 out a2
May Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
12 676 20 May 1 OAK @ SEA L,7-8 9-GF L(0-1) 0 0.2 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 2.45 6 34 23 3 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 -0.36 3.81 9b --- 0 out tie 9b end d 1
13 677 22 May 3 OAK @ SEA L,7-8 9-9 BS(1) 1 1.0 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 3.00 6 15 12 0 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 -0.30 3.33 9b --- 0 out a1 9b 3 out tie
14 678 25 May 6 OAK TEX L,2-3 8-8 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.77 4 15 10 0 2 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.05 0.80 8t --- 0 out d1 8t 3 out d1
15 679 27 May 8 OAK TOR W,5-3 7-7 H(3) 1 1.0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2.57 6 26 17 3 3 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.07 3.16 7t --- 0 out a2 7t 3 out a2
16 680 31 May 13 OAK KCR W,7-2 8-8 4 1.0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2.40 4 21 14 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.09 8t --- 0 out a6 8t 3 out a6
17 681 33 May 16 OAK @ DET L,1-9 7-7 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2.25 4 13 9 4 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0.00 0.03 7b --- 0 out d6 7b 3 out d6
18 682 34 May 17 OAK @ DET L,7-11 5-5 0 0.1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2.76 2 5 5 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 -0.20 1.02 5b -23 2 out d1 5b 3 out d4
19 683 36 May 19 OAK @ TBR W,4-1 11-GF(11) 1 1.0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 3.12 4 12 9 2 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.02 0.57 11b --- 0 out a4 11b end a 3
20 684 37 May 20 OAK @ TBR W,7-6 8-8 0 0.0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3.63 1 9 6 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -0.08 1.80 8b --- 0 out a2 8b 1-- 0 out a2
21 685 40 May 23 OAK ARI L,7-8 8-8 2 0.0 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 5.19 3 12 8 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 -0.15 1.14 8t --- 0 out a4 8t 123 0 out a4
22 686 44 May 27 OAK SEA L,1-6 9-GF 3 1.0 4 2 2 0 1 0 0 5.89 6 23 18 4 2 1 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 -0.03 0.11 9t --- 0 out d3 9t end d 5
23 687 47 May 30 OAK @ TEX L,1-14 7-7 2 1.0 3 3 3 2 2 0 0 6.98 8 45 31 4 4 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 -0.00 0.00 7b --- 0 out d9 7b 3 out d12
June Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
24 688 53 Jun 5 OAK BAL W,9-1 9-GF 5 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 6.64 3 10 8 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.00 0.01 9t --- 0 out a8 9t end a 8
25 689 57 Jun 9 OAK MIN L,5-10 7-7 3 1.0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 6.33 4 16 11 2 6 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 -0.00 0.02 7t 1-- 0 out d8 7t 3 out d9
26 690 61 Jun 13 OAK @ SFG L,2-5 8-GF(8) 3 1.0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 6.04 5 17 12 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.01 0.15 8b --- 0 out d3 8b end d 3
27 691 64 Jun 17 OAK @ LAD W,5-4 6-6 H(4) 3 0.2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5.87 2 5 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.13 2.20 6b 1-3 1 out a3 6b 3 out a3
28 692 65 Jun 18 OAK @ LAD L,2-3 8-GF(8) 0 0.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.79 2 7 6 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.01 0.44 8b --- 2 out d1 8b end d 1
29 693 66 Jun 19 OAK @ SDP W,7-5 6-6 0 1.0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 5.55 5 20 9 3 3 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 -0.13 2.08 6b 12- 0 out tie 6b 3 out d2
30 694 68 Jun 21 OAK @ SDP L,1-4 8-GF(8) 1 0.1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 5.84 2 11 7 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 -0.11 0.32 8b 1-- 2 out d1 8b end d 3
31 695 71 Jun 24 OAK SFG L,3-6 6-6 2 1.0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5.61 4 14 6 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.15 6t --- 0 out d5 6t 3 out d5
32 696 73 Jun 27 OAK COL L,9-11 8-8 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 5.40 4 18 13 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0.00 0.01 8t --- 0 out d8 8t 3 out d8
33 697 75 Jun 29 OAK DET W,7-1 9-GF 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 5.20 4 18 15 3 3 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.00 0.03 9t --- 0 out a6 9t end a 6
34 698 76 Jun 30 OAK DET L,3-5 8-8 0 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 5.02 5 16 10 2 2 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.01 0.40 8t --- 0 out d3 8t 3 out d3
July Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
35 699 78 Jul 3 OAK @ CLE L,3-15 6-6 2 1.0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 5.16 6 19 13 1 3 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 0 0.00 0.00 6b --- 0 out d10 6b 3 out d11
36 700 82 Jul 7 OAK @ BOS L,2-5 6-7 3 0.2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 5.04 4 14 6 0 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 -0.01 0.78 6b 1-3 1 out d2 7b 1-- 0 out d3
37 701 87 Jul 16 OAK LAA L,2-6 8-8 8 1.0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 4.88 4 19 15 3 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.00 0.06 8t --- 0 out d5 8t 3 out d5
38 702 89 Jul 18 OAK LAA L,6-11 7-7 1 0.2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 5.06 4 15 10 2 1 0 4 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 -0.07 0.55 7t 12- 1 out d3 7t 3 out d6
39 703 91 Jul 20 OAK MIN W,14-13 5-6 1 1.2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4.81 5 21 16 3 3 0 3 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.01 0.22 5t 123 1 out d5 6t 3 out d6
40 704 93 Jul 22 OAK MIN W,16-1 8-8 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.67 3 15 12 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 8t --- 0 out a15 8t 3 out a15
41 705 95 Jul 24 OAK @ NYY L,3-8 7-7 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.63 1 8 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.01 0.50 7b 1-3 2 out d3 7b 3 out d3
42 706 97 Jul 26 OAK @ NYY L,5-7 7-7 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.54 2 6 5 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.06 0.92 7b 1-3 1 out d2 7b 3 out d2
43 707 99 Jul 28 OAK @ BOS W,9-8 7-7 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.42 4 17 13 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.02 0.20 7b --- 0 out d3 7b 3 out d3
44 708 101 Jul 30 OAK @ BOS L,5-8 6-6 H(5) 1 0.2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.34 3 8 5 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 -0.02 1.75 6b -2- 1 out a2 6b 3 out a1
45 709 102 Jul 31 OAK TOR W,8-5 7-7 H(6) 0 0.1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.30 2 7 5 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.01 0.55 7t --- 2 out a3 7t 3 out a3
August Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
46 710 104 Aug 2 OAK TOR L,2-7 6-7 1 2.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.08 7 25 17 3 0 1 5 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 0 0 0.02 0.16 6t --- 0 out d5 7t 3 out d5
47 711 107 Aug 5 OAK TEX W,7-5 7-7 H(7) 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3.98 4 14 10 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.07 1.34 7t --- 0 out a2 7t 3 out a2
48 712 108 Aug 6 OAK TEX L,4-6 7-7 0 1.0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 4.10 5 23 11 1 1 0 4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 -0.14 0.83 7t 1-- 0 out d1 7t 3 out d3
Player went from OAK to TBR
49 713 111 Aug 9 TBR @ SEA L,2-11 8-GF(8) 2 1.0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.01 4 10 7 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 8b --- 0 out d9 8b end d 9
50 714 112 Aug 10 TBR @ LAA L,7-8 7-7 L(0-2) 0 0.0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 4.22 2 6 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 -0.22 1.16 7b --- 0 out tie 7b 1-- 0 out d1
51 715 115 Aug 14 TBR TOR L,2-5 9-GF 3 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.12 3 14 10 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.13 9t --- 0 out d3 9t end d 3
52 716 116 Aug 15 TBR TOR W,8-3 7-7 H(8) 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.06 2 8 6 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.17 2.73 7t 1-3 1 out a2 7t 3 out a2
53 717 118 Aug 18 TBR BAL W,5-4 7-7 H(9) 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.97 4 18 13 1 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0.05 0.73 7t --- 0 out a3 7t 3 out a3
54 718 120 Aug 20 TBR BAL L,7-8 7-7 1 1.0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 4.08 4 14 11 0 2 1 3 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 -0.14 0.58 7t 12- 0 out d1 7t 3 out d4
55 719 122 Aug 22 TBR TEX W,5-4 8-8 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.99 3 13 10 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.11 1.44 8t --- 0 out tie 8t 3 out tie
56 720 123 Aug 23 TBR TEX L,0-4 9-GF 0 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3.91 4 16 12 3 1 0 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 -0.00 0.25 9t 12- 0 out d3 9t end d 4
57 721 124 Aug 24 TBR @ TOR W,12-7 9-GF 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.83 3 11 8 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.12 9b --- 0 out a5 9b end a 5
58 722 126 Aug 26 TBR @ TOR L,2-3 7-7 H(10) 1 1.0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3.75 4 19 12 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.11 1.53 7b --- 0 out a1 7b 3 out a1
59 723 127 Aug 28 TBR @ DET L,2-6 8-GF(8) 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.68 4 16 11 1 2 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.00 0.03 8b --- 0 out d5 8b end d 5
60 724 130 Aug 31 TBR @ DET W,11-7 9-GF 2 0.1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3.66 1 8 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.01 0.22 9b --3 2 out a4 9b end a 4
September Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
61 725 132 Sep 2 TBR BOS W,8-5 8-8 H(11) 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3.63 1 6 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.04 3.39 8t 1-- 0 out a1 8t -2- 1 out a1
62 726 133 Sep 3 TBR BOS L,3-6 6-6 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.59 2 4 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.00 1.79 6t 1-3 1 out tie 6t 3 out d1
63 727 134 Sep 4 TBR DET L,3-4 9-GF 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3.54 2 7 5 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -0.01 0.43 9t 1-3 1 out d2 9t end d 3
64 728 135 Sep 5 TBR DET L,6-8 8-8 0 0.0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3.71 2 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 -0.17 2.91 8t 1-- 1 out tie 8t 123 1 out tie
65 729 136 Sep 6 TBR DET L,3-5 9-9 BL(0-3) 0 0.0 3 2 2 0 0 1 0 4.05 3 12 9 0 3 0 3 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 -0.77 3.50 9t 12- 1 out a2 9t --3 1 out d2
66 730 145 Sep 15 TBR @ BAL L,5-10 7-7 8 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.05 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -0.02 0.59 7b 1-- 1 out d2 7b 12- 1 out d2
67 731 146 Sep 16 TBR @ BAL L,2-4 9-GF L(0-4) 0 0.0 1 2 2 1 0 1 0 4.39 2 7 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -0.35 2.72 9b --- 0 out tie 9b end d 2
68 732 148 Sep 18 TBR TOR W,11-4 8-8 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 4.36 2 8 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.00 0.24 8t --- 0 out a5 8t 1-- 1 out a5
69 733 149 Sep 19 TBR TOR W,4-0 8-8 H(12) 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.33 1 5 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.03 1.39 8t 12- 1 out a4 8t 12- 2 out a4
70 734 150 Sep 20 TBR TOR W,3-1 9-9 H(13) 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.28 2 6 5 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.07 1.32 9t --- 0 out a2 9t --- 2 out a2
71 735 152 Sep 23 TBR SEA W,5-4 8-8 W(1-4) 2 0.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.25 2 8 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.01 0.74 8t --- 2 out d1 8t 3 out d1
72 736 155 Sep 27 TBR @ TEX W,7-6 6-6 3 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.18 3 13 11 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.08 6b --- 0 out d5 6b 3 out d5
73 737 157 Sep 29 TBR BAL W,3-1 8-8 H(14) 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.15 1 4 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.04 1.51 8t --- 0 out a2 8t --- 1 out a2
74 738 158 Sep 30 TBR BAL W,5-3 9-GF S(1) 0 0.2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.11 3 14 10 2 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.04 0.93 9t --- 1 out a2 9t end a 2
 

Days of Rest

DH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Other (days rest listed)
24 22 14 9 1 1 99 days

Inning/Score Appearance Matrix

Inn <-4 -4 -3 -2 -1 tie 1 2 3 4 >4 Total
4- 0
5 1 1 2
6 4 1 2 2 1 10
7 3 4 2 2 3 1 3 2 20
8 4 2 6 2 1 2 1 3 3 24
9 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 4 17
10+ 1 1
Total 13 0 9 4 9 10 3 10 4 5 7 74

Multiple inning appearances: 3,    Entered with runners on base: 24


Sum any set of rows by clicking anywhere (not red or blue) on the first and last rows of your selection. We will then compute the totals for the player between those two games.
Default Setting for this feature: Turn On / Turn Off
Summation of game totals only works for the moment when the table is in date of game order. On a sorted table the results may get a bit goofy
Tutorial Video of Gamelog Features & Tools

HIGHLIGHTING: Adding a range or series of player's career game numbers (like '#2967', '#2407-2450-sum', or '#227,230,245,sum') onto the end of a gamelog url causes the games to the highlighted and summed. After changing address bar, reload the page to see highlighting. This will work even in links e-mailed to others.