You Are Here > Baseball-Reference.com > Players > Chad Cordero > 2005 Pitching Gamelogs

Chad Cordero
Chad Patrick Cordero (the Chief)
All-Star Player
Bats: Right , Throws: Right
Height: 6' 0" , Weight: 195 lb.

Born: March 18, 1982 in Upland, CA
High School: Don Lugo (Chino, CA)
Drafted by the Montreal Expos in the 1st round (20th pick) of the 2003 amateur draft.
Signed June 27, 2003. (All Transactions)
Debut: August 30, 2003
Final Game: April 29, 2008
    About biographical information

Team Record in Appearances: 59-15 / Days Rest, Run Support and Inning/Score Usage Below

2005 Pitching Gamelog

Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE ·
Click two rows to sum games (Clear)
 · More Tricks Below
Rk Gcar Gtm Date Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
1 82 2 Apr 6 WSN @ PHI W,7-3 9-GF 99 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.00 4 26 16 7 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.02 0.58 9b --- 0 out a4 9b end a 4
2 83 3 Apr 7 WSN @ PHI W,5-4 9-GF(10) W(1-0) 0 2.0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.00 7 28 20 7 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.35 2.98 9b --- 0 out tie 10b end a 1
3 84 5 Apr 9 WSN @ FLA W,3-2 9-GF(10) BW(2-0) 1 2.0 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 1.80 9 31 21 8 3 2 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 -0.12 3.19 9b --- 0 out a1 10b end a 1
4 85 8 Apr 12 WSN @ ATL W,4-3 9-GF S(1) 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.50 4 17 12 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.20 3.00 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
5 86 9 Apr 13 WSN @ ATL W,11-4 9-9 0 0.2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.35 3 10 5 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.00 0.02 9b --- 0 out a7 9b 1-- 2 out a7
6 87 10 Apr 14 WSN ARI W,5-3 9-GF S(2) 0 0.2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.23 3 12 8 2 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.03 0.93 9t --- 1 out a2 9t end a 2
7 88 11 Apr 16 WSN ARI W,9-3 9-GF 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.17 1 6 4 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.00 0.15 9t 123 2 out a6 9t end a 6
8 89 15 Apr 20 WSN ATL W,2-0 9-GF S(3) 3 1.0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1.04 5 19 12 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.07 2.72 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
9 90 16 Apr 21 WSN ATL L,1-2 9-GF BL(2-1) 0 1.0 2 2 0 1 2 0 0 0.93 7 26 18 5 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 -0.65 5.13 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end d 1
10 91 20 Apr 25 WSN PHI L,4-5 9-GF 3 1.0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.84 4 18 9 4 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.04 0.61 9t --- 0 out d1 9t end d 1
11 92 21 Apr 26 WSN PHI W,3-1 9-GF S(4) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.77 3 16 10 4 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.07 1.04 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
12 93 23 Apr 29 WSN NYM W,5-1 9-GF S(5) 2 0.2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.73 2 10 6 3 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.04 0.76 9t 1-3 1 out a4 9t end a 4
May Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
13 94 29 May 6 WSN @ SFG W,9-3 9-GF 6 1.0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.68 6 20 11 4 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.00 0.21 9b --- 0 out a6 9b end a 6
14 95 30 May 7 WSN @ SFG W,11-8 9-GF S(6) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.63 3 7 6 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.04 0.60 9b --- 0 out a3 9b end a 3
15 96 32 May 9 WSN @ ARI W,4-3 9-GF S(7) 1 1.0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0.59 5 27 15 7 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.21 4.34 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
16 97 35 May 13 WSN CHC L,3-6 8-8 3 0.2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0.56 4 17 10 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 -0.14 1.02 8t 1-3 1 out d1 8t 3 out d4
17 98 36 May 14 WSN CHC W,4-3 9-GF S(8) 0 1.0 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1.06 6 25 17 6 3 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.07 3.39 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 1
18 99 37 May 15 WSN CHC W,5-4 9-GF S(9) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.00 3 17 13 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.16 2.22 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
19 100 41 May 19 WSN MIL W,3-2 9-GF S(10) 3 1.0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0.95 5 25 14 3 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.16 3.50 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
20 101 46 May 24 WSN @ CIN L,3-4 8-9 4 2.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.86 6 25 16 2 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.17 1.17 8b --- 0 out d1 9b 3 out tie
21 102 49 May 28 WSN @ STL L,1-3 8-GF(8) 3 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.82 3 15 10 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.21 8b --- 0 out d2 8b end d 2
22 103 50 May 29 WSN @ STL W,3-2 9-GF S(11) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.78 3 7 6 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.20 2.78 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
23 104 51 May 30 WSN ATL W,3-2 9-GF S(12) 0 1.0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1.12 4 11 7 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.07 1.15 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 1
24 105 52 May 31 WSN ATL W,5-4 9-GF S(13) 0 1.0 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 1.44 6 24 17 4 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.07 4.33 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 1
June Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
25 106 54 Jun 2 WSN ATL W,8-6 9-GF S(14) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.38 3 10 7 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.07 1.04 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
26 107 55 Jun 3 WSN FLA W,3-2 10-10 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.33 3 16 10 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.13 1.89 10t --- 0 out tie 10t 3 out tie
27 108 57 Jun 5 WSN FLA W,6-3 9-GF S(15) 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1.29 4 16 13 5 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.03 0.96 9t --- 0 out a3 9t end a 3
28 109 58 Jun 7 WSN OAK W,2-1 9-GF S(16) 1 1.0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.24 5 16 11 5 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.16 3.01 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
29 110 60 Jun 9 WSN OAK W,4-3 9-GF S(17) 1 1.0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.20 6 34 23 6 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.07 3.41 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 1
30 111 62 Jun 11 WSN SEA W,2-1 9-GF S(18) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.16 3 11 8 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.16 2.22 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
31 112 63 Jun 12 WSN SEA W,3-2 9-GF S(19) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.12 3 7 6 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.16 2.22 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
32 113 65 Jun 14 WSN @ LAA W,6-3 9-GF S(20) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.09 3 17 11 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.04 0.60 9b --- 0 out a3 9b end a 3
33 114 66 Jun 15 WSN @ LAA W,1-0 9-GF S(21) 0 1.0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1.06 6 27 18 5 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.21 6.62 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
34 115 70 Jun 20 WSN @ PIT W,7-4 9-GF S(22) 4 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.03 4 20 14 6 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.04 0.59 9b --- 0 out a3 9b end a 3
35 116 72 Jun 22 WSN @ PIT W,5-4 9-GF S(23) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.00 3 15 10 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.20 2.78 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
36 117 73 Jun 24 WSN TOR W,3-0 9-GF S(24) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.97 3 13 10 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.03 0.48 9t --- 0 out a3 9t end a 3
37 118 74 Jun 25 WSN TOR W,5-2 8-GF S(25) 0 1.1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.94 4 17 12 2 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.06 0.68 8t 1-- 2 out a2 9t end a 3
38 119 76 Jun 28 WSN PIT W,2-1 9-GF S(26) 2 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.92 3 16 10 3 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.16 2.22 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
39 120 77 Jun 29 WSN PIT W,3-2 9-GF S(27) 0 1.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.89 4 9 8 4 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.16 2.99 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end a 1
40 121 78 Jun 30 WSN PIT W,7-5 9-GF S(28) 0 1.0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.87 6 15 9 3 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0.07 3.68 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
July Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
41 122 80 Jul 2 WSN @ CHC W,4-2 9-GF S(29) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.85 3 6 5 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.10 1.31 9b --- 0 out a2 9b end a 2
42 123 81 Jul 3 WSN @ CHC W,5-4 9-9 BS(3) 0 1.0 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 1.25 5 23 16 6 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 -0.40 1.42 9b --- 0 out a2 9b 3 out tie
43 124 83 Jul 5 WSN NYM W,3-2 9-GF S(30) 1 1.0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.22 5 18 13 3 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.07 2.69 9t 1-- 0 out a3 9t end a 1
44 125 85 Jul 7 WSN NYM L,2-3 9-9 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.19 4 17 11 4 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.13 2.02 9t --- 0 out tie 9t 3 out tie
45 126 86 Jul 8 WSN @ PHI W,8-7 9-GF S(31) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.17 3 9 5 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.21 2.78 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
46 127 88 Jul 10 WSN @ PHI L,4-5 8-9 1 1.1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1.13 7 32 16 4 3 1 3 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.23 3.14 8b 12- 2 out tie 9b 3 out tie
47 128 91 Jul 16 WSN @ MIL W,5-3 9-GF S(32) 5 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.11 3 14 8 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.09 1.31 9b --- 0 out a2 9b end a 2
48 129 93 Jul 18 WSN COL L,4-5 9-GF L(2-2) 1 1.0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.09 4 20 18 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 -0.31 3.18 9t --- 0 out tie 9t end d 1
49 130 94 Jul 19 WSN COL W,4-0 9-GF S(33) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.07 3 7 6 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.07 1.04 9t 12- 0 out a4 9t end a 4
50 131 98 Jul 23 WSN HOU W,4-2 9-GF S(34) 3 1.0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1.05 5 22 16 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.07 2.72 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
51 132 99 Jul 24 WSN HOU L,1-4 9-9 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.03 3 12 7 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.13 1.89 9t --- 0 out tie 9t 3 out tie
52 133 100 Jul 26 WSN @ ATL L,2-3 9-9 BS(4) 1 1.0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1.17 4 7 5 0 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 -0.30 3.33 9b --- 0 out a1 9b 3 out tie
53 134 104 Jul 30 WSN @ FLA L,0-3 8-GF(8) 3 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.15 3 6 5 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.01 0.10 8b --- 0 out d3 8b end d 3
54 135 105 Jul 31 WSN @ FLA W,4-2 9-GF S(35) 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.13 3 13 10 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.09 1.31 9b --- 0 out a2 9b end a 2
August Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
55 136 107 Aug 3 WSN LAD W,3-1 9-GF S(36) 2 1.0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.11 4 18 14 6 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0.07 1.10 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
56 137 109 Aug 5 WSN SDP L,5-6 9-GF L(2-3) 1 1.0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.09 5 18 13 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 -0.31 1.96 9t --- 0 out tie 9t end d 1
57 138 112 Aug 9 WSN @ HOU W,6-5 8-GF S(37) 3 1.1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1.07 4 20 14 4 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0.35 4.73 8b 1-3 2 out a1 9b end a 1
58 139 115 Aug 12 WSN @ COL W,4-2 9-GF S(38) 2 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.05 3 8 6 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.11 1.31 9b --- 0 out a2 9b end a 2
59 140 118 Aug 15 WSN @ PHI W,6-3 9-GF 2 1.0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1.03 6 18 12 2 0 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0.02 0.55 9b --- 0 out a4 9b end a 3
60 141 121 Aug 18(2) WSN @ PHI W,5-4 8-GF S(39) 2 1.2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1.01 4 14 9 3 3 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0.36 2.92 8b 1-- 1 out a1 9b end a 1
61 142 124 Aug 21 WSN @ NYM W,7-4 9-GF 2 1.0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0.99 6 23 15 8 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.02 1.19 9b --- 0 out a4 9b end a 3
62 143 126 Aug 24 WSN CIN W,5-3 9-GF S(40) 2 0.2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.98 2 7 6 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.03 0.75 9t --- 1 out a2 9t end a 2
63 144 128 Aug 26 WSN STL W,4-1 9-GF S(41) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.96 3 15 9 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.03 0.48 9t --- 0 out a3 9t end a 3
64 145 131 Aug 30 WSN @ ATL W,3-2 9-GF S(42) 3 1.0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.95 4 21 11 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.20 3.00 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
65 146 133 Aug 31(2) WSN @ ATL W,4-3 9-GF S(43) 0 1.0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.94 4 25 14 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.20 3.00 9b --- 0 out a1 9b end a 1
September/October Tm Opp Rslt Inngs Dec DR IP H R ER BB SO HR HBP ERA BF Pit Str StL StS GB FB LD Unk GSc IR IS SB CS PO AB 2B 3B GDP WPA aLI Entered Exited
66 147 136 Sep 3 WSN PHI W,5-4 9-9 BS(5) 2 1.0 3 3 3 0 0 2 0 1.32 6 23 16 5 1 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 -0.34 1.84 9t --- 0 out a3 9t 3 out tie
67 148 138 Sep 5 WSN FLA W,5-2 9-GF 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.30 2 7 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.01 0.31 9t --- 1 out a3 9t end a 3
68 149 142 Sep 9 WSN ATL W,8-6 9-GF S(44) 3 1.0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1.29 3 11 10 2 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.07 1.04 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
69 150 144 Sep 11 WSN ATL L,7-9 9-GF BL(2-4) 1 1.0 3 3 3 0 0 2 0 1.65 6 19 13 2 2 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 -0.75 2.48 9t --- 0 out a1 9t end d 2
70 151 145 Sep 13 WSN @ NYM W,4-2 9-GF S(45) 1 1.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.62 3 13 8 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.09 1.31 9b --- 0 out a2 9b end a 2
71 152 146 Sep 14 WSN @ NYM W,6-3 9-GF S(46) 0 1.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.60 3 11 8 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0.04 1.07 9b --- 0 out a3 9b end a 3
72 153 149 Sep 17 WSN @ SDP L,5-8 9-9 BS(7) 2 0.1 1 2 2 1 0 1 0 1.84 3 12 6 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 -0.49 1.30 9b 12- 2 out a4 9b 3 out tie
73 154 153 Sep 22 WSN SFG W,2-0 9-GF S(47) 4 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.82 3 11 7 3 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.07 1.04 9t --- 0 out a2 9t end a 2
74 155 162 Oct 2 WSN PHI L,3-9 9-9 9 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.82 2 8 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -0.01 0.16 9t 123 2 out d4 9t 123 2 out d6
 

Days of Rest

DH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Other (days rest listed)
24 22 11 10 3 1 1 9 and 99 days

Inning/Score Appearance Matrix

Inn <-4 -4 -3 -2 -1 tie 1 2 3 4 >4 Total
4- 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 1 1 2 1 2 1 8
9 1 1 5 19 20 10 6 3 65
10+ 1 1
Total 0 1 1 1 3 7 21 21 10 6 3 74

Multiple inning appearances: 7,    Entered with runners on base: 11

Sum any set of rows by clicking anywhere (not red or blue) on the first and last rows of your selection. We will then compute the totals for the player between those two games.
Default Setting for this feature: Turn On / Turn Off
Summation of game totals only works for the moment when the table is in date of game order. On a sorted table the results may get a bit goofy
Tutorial Video of Gamelog Features & Tools

HIGHLIGHTING: Adding a range or series of player's career game numbers (like '#2967', '#2407-2450-sum', or '#227,230,245,sum') onto the end of a gamelog url causes the games to the highlighted and summed. After changing address bar, reload the page to see highlighting. This will work even in links e-mailed to others.