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Joe Christopher

Joseph O'Neal Christopher

Position: Outfielder
Bats: Right, Throws: Right
Height: 5' 10", Weight: 175 lb.

Born: December 13, 1935 in Frederiksted, V.I.
High School: St. Patricks HS (Frederiksted, VI)
Signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates as an amateur free agent in 1955. (All Transactions)
Debut: May 26, 1959
Teams (by GP): Mets/Pirates/RedSox 1959-1966

Final Game: June 9, 1966
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Standard Batting

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	OPS+	TB	GDP	HBP	SH	SF	IBB	Pos	Awards
1955	19	BAL-PIT-min	C,A	140	547	547		180	22	15	4						.329	.329	.446	.775		244							PHX,LIN,WPT · AZMX,WL,EL
1956	20	PIT-min	A	120	441	441		125	13	1	4						.283	.283	.345	.628		152							WPT · EL
1957	21	PIT-min	A,AAA,AA	47	152	152		43	4	0	3						.283	.283	.362	.645		55							LIN,CLB,MCT · WL,IL,MEX
1958	22	PIT-min	AAA	132	488	416	71	136	15	10	8	58	16		57	42	.327	.413	.469	.882		195	5	7	4	4			SLC · PCL
1959	23	PIT-min	AAA	107	445	395	69	119	23	7	1	32	26		41	50	.301	.373	.403	.776		159		5	3	1	5		CLB · IL
1959	23	PIT	NL	15	14	12	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	.000	.077	.000	.077	-77	0	0	0	1	0	0	/9
1960	24	PIT-min	AAA	20	86	82	23	28	5	0	4	10	3	0	4	12	.341	.372	.549	.921		45							SLC · PCL
1960	24	PIT	NL	50	61	56	21	13	2	0	1	3	1	0	5	8	.232	.295	.321	.617	69	18	0	0	0	0	0	7/89
1961	25	PIT	NL	76	206	186	25	49	7	3	0	14	6	4	18	24	.263	.327	.333	.660	77	62	7	0	1	1	0	7/89
1962	26	TEX/NYM-min	AAA	24	99	83	23	25	6	2	6	18	5	0	16	7	.301	.414	.639	1.053		53		0	0	0			SYR · IL
1962	26	NYM	NL	119	314	271	36	66	10	2	6	32	11	3	35	42	.244	.338	.362	.699	88	98	4	4	3	1	0	987
1963	27	NYM-min	AAA	85	352	295	54	85	13	3	19	59	12	4	57	46	.288	.403	.546	.949		161							BFL · IL
1963	27	NYM	NL	64	168	149	19	33	5	1	1	8	1	3	13	21	.221	.295	.289	.584	69	43	2	3	2	1	0	9/7
1964	28	NYM	NL	154	604	543	78	163	26	8	16	76	6	5	48	92	.300	.360	.466	.826	135	253	18	6	1	6	5	*98/7
1965	29	NYM	NL	148	486	437	38	109	18	3	5	40	4	4	35	82	.249	.311	.339	.650	88	148	10	6	4	4	3	*79
1966	30	DET-ATL-min	AAA	43	171	149	22	40	8	3	4	20	6	0	19	30	.268	.345	.443	.788		66		0	0	3			SYR,RMD · IL
1966	30	BOS	AL	12	15	13	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	.077	.200	.077	.277	-20	1	0	0	0	0	0	/7
1967	31	STL-PIT-min	AAA	94	344	284	42	68	9	1	5	32	13	5	56	64	.239	.360	.331	.691		94		0	0	4			TUL,CLB · PCL,IL
1968	32	PHI-min	AA	102	341	279	44	72	11	2	7	43	8	1	62	49	.258	.393	.387	.780		108							REA · EL
8 Yrs				638	1868	1667	224	434	68	17	29	173	29	19	157	277	.260	.329	.374	.702	97	623	41	19	12	13	8
162 Game Avg.				162	474	423	57	110	17	4	7	44	7	5	40	70	.260	.329	.374	.702	97	158	10	5	3	3	2

NYM (4 yrs)				485	1572	1400	171	371	59	14	28	156	22	15	131	237	.265	.334	.387	.721	104	542	34	19	10	12	8
PIT (3 yrs)				141	281	254	52	62	9	3	1	17	7	4	24	36	.244	.308	.315	.623	68	80	7	0	2	1	0
BOS (1 yr)				12	15	13	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	.077	.200	.077	.277	-20	1	0	0	0	0	0

NL (7 yrs)				626	1853	1654	223	433	68	17	29	173	29	19	155	273	.262	.330	.376	.706	98	622	41	19	12	13	8
AL (1 yr)				12	15	13	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	.077	.200	.077	.277	-20	1	0	0	0	0	0

Player Value--Batters

WAR Explained (v2.1): 8+ MVP, 5+ A-S, 2+ Starter, 0-2 Sub, < 0 Repl

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	G	PA	Rbat	Rbaser	Rdp	Rfield	Rpos	RAA	WAA	Rrep	RAR	WAR	waaWL%	162WL%	oWAR	dWAR	oRAR	Salary	Pos
1959	23	PIT	NL	15	14	-3	0	0	0	-0	-3	-0.3	0	-2	-0.3	.479	.498	-0.3	0.0	-3	$	/9
1960	24	PIT	NL	50	61	-1	-1	0	-1	-1	-3	-0.3	2	-1	-0.1	.493	.498	0.0	-0.2	-0	$	7/89
1961	25	PIT	NL	76	206	-5	-0	-1	-3	-3	-13	-1.4	7	-6	-0.7	.482	.492	-0.3	-0.6	-2	$	7/89
1962	26	NYM	NL	119	314	-4	1	0	-5	-3	-11	-1.1	10	-1	-0.1	.490	.493	0.4	-0.8	5	$	987
1963	27	NYM	NL	64	168	-5	-1	0	-6	-2	-14	-1.6	6	-8	-1.0	.475	.490	-0.4	-0.9	-2	$	9/7
1964	28	NYM	NL	154	604	24	-1	-1	-13	-6	2	0.4	21	23	2.4	.502	.502	3.7	-2.0	36	$10,000	*98/7
1965	29	NYM	NL	148	486	-7	-2	-1	-5	-6	-21	-2.4	16	-5	-0.8	.484	.485	-0.3	-1.2	0	$18,000	*79
1966	30	BOS	AL	12	15	-2	-0	0	-0	-0	-2	-0.3	0	-2	-0.3	.476	.498	-0.2	-0.1	-2	$	/7
8 Seasons				638	1868	-4	-4	-3	-33	-21	-65	-7.1	63	-2	-0.9	.489	.494	2.6	-5.8	31	$28,000

NYM (4 yrs)				485	1572	7	-3	-2	-29	-17	-44	-4.8	53	10	0.5	.490	.492	3.4	-4.9	38	$28,000
PIT (3 yrs)				141	281	-10	-1	-1	-4	-4	-19	-2.0	10	-9	-1.1	.486	.496	-0.6	-0.8	-5	$
BOS (1 yr)				12	15	-2	-0	0	-0	-0	-2	-0.3	0	-2	-0.3	.476	.498	-0.2	-0.1	-2	$

Advanced Batting

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	PA	Outs	RC	RC/G	AIR	BAbip	BA	lgBA	OBP	lgOBP	SLG	lgSLG	OPS	lgOPS	OPS+	OWn%	BtRuns	BtWins	TotA	SecA	ISO	PwrSpd
1959	23	PIT	NL	14	13	0	0.0	103	.000	.000	.268	.077	.334	.000	.415	.077	.748	-77	.000	-3.1	-0.3	.083	.083	.000
1960	24	PIT	NL	61	43	6	3.8	100	.255	.232	.264	.295	.330	.321	.406	.617	.736	69	.432	-2.5	-0.2	.558	.196	.089	1.0
1961	25	PIT	NL	206	150	19	3.4	105	.301	.263	.269	.327	.335	.333	.419	.660	.754	77	.357	-5.9	-0.6	.554	.177	.070	.0
1962	26	NYM	NL	314	216	36	4.5	104	.268	.244	.271	.338	.339	.362	.412	.699	.750	88	.490	-4.2	-0.4	.684	.277	.118	7.8
1963	27	NYM	NL	168	124	13	2.8	89	.250	.221	.254	.295	.316	.289	.380	.584	.696	69	.355	-5.6	-0.6	.471	.141	.067	1.0
1964	28	NYM	NL	604	410	88	5.8	90	.333	.300	.259	.360	.316	.466	.384	.826	.700	135	.652	25.8	2.7	.764	.256	.166	8.7
1965	29	NYM	NL	486	350	46	3.6	89	.294	.249	.252	.311	.315	.339	.382	.650	.697	88	.430	-6.2	-0.6	.553	.169	.089	4.4
1966	30	BOS	AL	15	12	0	0.0	98	.111	.077	.260	.200	.328	.077	.401	.277	.729	-20	.000	-2.1	-0.2	.250	.154	.000
8 Yrs				1868	1318	208	4.2	94	.295	.260	.260	.329	.322	.374	.393	.702	.715	97	.500	-3.8	-0.4	.626	.214	.113	29.0
162 Game Avg.				474	335	53	4.2	94	.295	.260	.260	.329	.322	.374	.393	.702	.715	97	.500	-3.8	-0.4	.626	.214	.113	7

NYM (4 yrs)				1572	1100	183	4.5	93	.299	.265	.259	.334	.320	.387	.388	.721	.708	104	.531	9.9	1.0	.648	.221	.122	24.6
PIT (3 yrs)				281	206	25	3.2	104	.280	.244	.268	.308	.334	.315	.416	.623	.750	68	.347	-11.5	-1.1	.527	.177	.071	1.8
BOS (1 yr)				15	12	0	0.0	98	.111	.077	.260	.200	.328	.077	.401	.277	.729	-20	.000	-2.1	-0.2	.250	.154	.000

NL (7 yrs)				1853	1306	208	4.3	94	.296	.262	.260	.330	.322	.376	.392	.706	.715	98	.504	-1.6	-0.1	.629	.214	.114	29.0
AL (1 yr)				15	12	0	0.0	98	.111	.077	.260	.200	.328	.077	.401	.277	.729	-20	.000	-2.1	-0.2	.250	.154	.000

Postseason Batting

Postseason Gamelog

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	Series	Opp	Rslt	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	TB	GDP	HBP	SH	SF	IBB
1960	24	PIT	NL	WS	NYY	W	3	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		1.000			0	0	1	0	0	0
1 WS							3	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		1.000			0	0	1	0	0	0

Ratio Batting*

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	PA	HR%	SO%	BB%	XBH%	X/H%	SO/BB	AB/SO	AB/HR	AB/RBI	GO/AO	IP%
1959	23	PIT	NL	14	0.0%	28.6%	7.1%	0.0%		4.00	3.0			8.00	57%
1960	24	PIT	NL	61	1.6%	13.1%	8.2%	4.9%	23%	1.60	7.0	56.0	18.7	1.36	77%
1961	25	PIT	NL	206	0.0%	11.7%	8.7%	4.9%	20%	1.33	7.8		13.3	0.98	79%
1962	26	NYM	NL	314	1.9%	13.4%	11.2%	5.7%	27%	1.20	6.5	45.2	8.5	0.87	71%
1963	27	NYM	NL	168	0.6%	12.5%	7.7%	4.2%	21%	1.62	7.1	149.0	18.6	0.62	76%
1964	28	NYM	NL	604	2.7%	15.2%	8.0%	8.3%	31%	1.92	5.9	33.9	7.1	0.94	73%
1965	29	NYM	NL	486	1.0%	16.9%	7.2%	5.4%	24%	2.34	5.3	87.4	10.9	0.90	73%
1966	30	BOS	AL	15	0.0%	26.7%	13.3%	0.0%	0%	2.00	3.3			0.14	60%
8 Yrs				1868	1.6%	14.8%	8.4%	6.1%	26%	1.76	6.0	57.5	9.6	0.90	74%
MLB Averages					2.3%	14.7%	8.3%	6.5%	29%	1.76	6.1	38.8	8.7	1.07	73%

Win Probability

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	BtRuns	BtWins	Plays	WPA	WPA+	WPA-	aLI	WPA/LI	Clutch	RE24	REW	boLI	RE24/boLI	PHlev	AB
1959	23	PIT	NL	-3.1	-0.3	14	-0.3	0.0	-0.4	1.39	-0.3	0.1	-2.8	-0.3	0.99	-3.2		0
1960	24	PIT	NL	-2.5	-0.2	62	0.1	1.1	-1.0	1.03	-0.1	0.2	-2.5	-0.3	0.93	-1.9	1.57	6
1961	25	PIT	NL	-6.4	-0.6	217	-0.5	3.7	-4.2	1.11	-0.5	0.0	-4.6	-0.5	0.99	-6.0	1.76	11
1962	26	NYM	NL	-3.8	-0.4	335	-0.6	5.3	-5.9	1.04	-0.2	-0.4	1.6	0.2	0.95	-1.2	1.90	18
1963	27	NYM	NL	-5.6	-0.6	176	-0.6	2.2	-2.8	.92	-0.4	-0.3	-7.5	-0.8	0.92	-2.9	1.00	21
1964	28	NYM	NL	25.1	2.6	626	1.6	12.1	-10.5	1.07	2.2	-0.7	26.6	2.8	0.97	28.2	1.95	9
1965	29	NYM	NL	-6.8	-0.7	501	-0.7	8.5	-9.2	1.05	-0.9	0.3	-3.6	-0.4	0.93	-9.8	1.05	34
1966	30	BOS	AL	-2.1	-0.2	15	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	.94	-0.2	-0.0	-2.5	-0.3	0.87	-3.1	1.23	8
8 Yrs				-5.2	-0.5	1946	-1.3	32.9	-34.2	1.05	-0.4	-0.8	4.7	0.5	0.95	0.1	1.37	107

Baserunning & Misc. Stats*

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	ROE	RS%	SBO	SB	CS	SB%	SB2	CS2	CS3	PO	OOB	BT	XBT%	1^stS	1^stS2	1^stS3	1^stD	1^stD3	1^stDH	2^ndS	2^ndS3	2^ndSH
1959	23	PIT	NL	0	600%	10	0	0		0	0	0	0	0	2	60%	3	1	2	0	0	0	2	1	1
1960	24	PIT	NL	2	118%	69	1	0	100%	1	0	0	0	3	1	52%	12	8	4	1	0	1	10	3	7
1961	25	PIT	NL	3	37%	89	6	4	60%	6	3	1	1	5	2	50%	16	7	9	5	4	1	9	3	5
1962	26	NYM	NL	3	30%	156	11	3	79%	11	2	1	2	7	11	47%	19	13	6	1	0	1	10	3	7
1963	27	NYM	NL	2	38%	72	1	3	25%	1	3	0	0	5	5	56%	10	5	4	1	1	0	7	1	6
1964	28	NYM	NL	8	31%	225	6	5	55%	6	5	0	2	9	14	46%	37	20	15	13	9	4	16	5	11
1965	29	NYM	NL	5	23%	170	4	4	50%	4	4	0	2	9	9	48%	24	14	8	7	4	3	13	3	10
1966	30	BOS	AL	0	33%	1	0	0		0	0	0	0	1	0	50%	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
8 Yrs				23	34%	792	29	19	60%	29	17	2	7	39	44	49%	122	69	48	28	18	10	68	19	48

Situational Hitting*

						Hits			Pinch Hitting					Home Runs								SH			GIDP			PrdOut			BaseRunners			Advances
Year	Age	Tm	Lg	PA	Ptn%	H	Inf	Bnt	AB	H	HR	RBI	PHlev	All	GS	GSo	vRH	vLH	Hm	Rd	IP	Att	Suc	%	Opp	DP	%	Opp	Suc	%	BR	BRS	BRS%	<2,3B	Scr	%	0,2B	Adv	%	PAu
1959	23	PIT	NL	14	21%	0			0	0	0	0		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	100%	2	0	0%	1	1	100%	7	0	0%	1	0	0%	0	0		0
1960	24	PIT	NL	61	62%	13			6	0	0	0	1.57	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0		7	0	0%	6	1	17%	32	2	6%	2	0	0%	3	1	33%	0
1961	25	PIT	NL	206	60%	49			11	3	0	2	1.76	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	50%	41	7	17%	20	6	30%	131	16	12%	9	4	44%	7	6	86%	0
1962	26	NYM	NL	314	36%	66			18	3	0	1	1.90	6	0	5	4	2	5	1	0	7	3	43%	58	4	7%	25	6	24%	168	26	15%	15	8	53%	9	4	44%	0
1963	27	NYM	NL	168	57%	33			21	3	0	1	1.00	1	0	2	1	0	1	0	0	3	2	67%	27	2	7%	15	5	33%	72	7	10%	4	3	75%	6	3	50%	0
1964	28	NYM	NL	604	30%	163			9	3	0	1	1.95	16	1	13	12	4	9	7	0	2	1	50%	132	18	14%	54	18	33%	388	63	16%	40	22	55%	19	10	53%	0
1965	29	NYM	NL	486	30%	109			34	10	0	0	1.05	5	0	6	1	4	5	0	0	5	4	80%	86	10	12%	38	11	29%	291	37	13%	28	10	36%	17	11	65%	0
1966	30	BOS	AL	15	60%	1			8	0	0	0	1.23	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		1	0	0%	0	0		8	0	0%	0	0		0	0		0
8 Yrs				1868	38%	434			107	22	0	5	1.37	29	1	32	18	11	21	8	0	20	12	60%	354	41	12%	159	48	30%	1097	151	14%	99	47	47%	61	35	57%	0
MLB Averages					52%																			76%			10%			30%			14%			48%			53%

Cumulative Batting

Year	Age	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	OPS+	TB	GDP	HBP	SH	SF	IBB
1959	23	15	14	12	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	.000	.077	.000	.077	-77	0	0	0	1	0	0
1960	24	65	75	68	27	13	2	0	1	3	1	0	6	12	.191	.257	.265	.521	43	18	0	0	1	0	0
1961	25	141	281	254	52	62	9	3	1	17	7	4	24	36	.244	.308	.315	.623	68	80	7	0	2	1	0
1962	26	260	595	525	88	128	19	5	7	49	18	7	59	78	.244	.324	.339	.663	78	178	11	4	5	2	0
1963	27	324	763	674	107	161	24	6	8	57	19	10	72	99	.239	.317	.328	.645	76	221	13	7	7	3	0
1964	28	478	1367	1217	185	324	50	14	24	133	25	15	120	191	.266	.336	.389	.726	102	474	31	13	8	9	5
1965	29	626	1853	1654	223	433	68	17	29	173	29	19	155	273	.262	.330	.376	.706	98	622	41	19	12	13	8
1966	30	638	1868	1667	224	434	68	17	29	173	29	19	157	277	.260	.329	.374	.702	97	623	41	19	12	13	8

Neutralized Batting

Change to: / / / or

All seasons are converted to 162-game seasons &
average team scoring of 716 total runs (4.42 R/G) How this works

Year	Age	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	RC	Gact
1959	23	16	15	13	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	.000	.071	.000	.071	0	15
1960	24	52	63	58	21	13	2	0	1	3	1	5	8	.224	.286	.310	.596	5	50
1961	25	79	215	194	26	51	7	3	0	14	6	19	25	.263	.327	.330	.657	21	76
1962	26	119	314	271	36	66	10	2	6	32	11	35	42	.244	.338	.362	.699	32	119
1963	27	64	172	152	22	36	5	1	1	9	1	14	21	.237	.312	.303	.614	14	64
1964	28	154	624	558	90	178	28	9	17	88	7	52	92	.319	.380	.493	.873	104	154
1965	29	147	496	444	43	118	19	3	5	46	4	38	81	.266	.329	.356	.685	52	148
1966	30	12	15	13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	.000	.133	.000	.133	0	12
8 Yrs		643	1914	1703	244	462	71	18	30	192	30	166	277	.271	.341	.387	.728	228	638
162 Game Avg.		162	482	429	61	116	18	5	8	48	8	42	70	.271	.341	.387	.728	57	638

* Many Detailed Statistics are based on play-by-play accounts accumulated by RetroSheet. These totals may be incomplete (3.6% of all plays from 1918 to 1973 are missing or have incomplete accounts, click link for year and team summary) for some players prior to 1974 and even complete seasons may not match the official totals due to errors in both the official totals and the play-by-play accounts. Pre-1954 seasons have a substantial numbers of games missing play-by-play accounts and should be viewed as essentially incomplete.

Appearances on Leader Boards, Awards, and Honors

Stats are Year-Value-Rank · Glossary

Triples s c a p y 1964 NL 8 (8th)	Hit By Pitch s c a p y 1964 NL 6 (10th)	Sacrifice Flies s c a p y 1964 NL 6 (7th)	Double Plays Grounded Into s c a p y 1964 NL 18 (5th)

Triples s c a p y
1964 NL 8 (8th)

Hit By Pitch s c a p y
1964 NL 6 (10th)

Sacrifice Flies s c a p y
1964 NL 6 (7th)

Double Plays Grounded Into s c a p y
1964 NL 18 (5th)

Hall Of Fame Statistics

Player rank in (·)

Gray Ink	Batting - 1 (2399), Average HOFer ≈ 144
Hall of Fame Monitor	Batting - 2 (1919), Likely HOFer ≈ 100
Hall of Fame Standards	Batting - 4 (2360), Average HOFer ≈ 50

Similarity Scores

Explanation of Similarity Scores

Similar Batters

Compare Stats to Similars

Whitey Herzog (979) *
Ray Coleman (975)
George Vukovich (971)
Jerome Walton (968)
Leron Lee (967)
Greg Briley (967)
Timo Perez (967)
Len Gabrielson (967)
Hosken Powell (966)
Steve Brye (966)

* - Signifies Hall of Famer

Most Similar by Ages

Hold mouse over #'s to see names

Ron Roenicke (986) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Whitey Herzog (984) * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Reid Nichols (982) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Pat Sheridan (985) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Whitey Herzog (980) * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C

* - Signifies Hall of Famer

Other Resources & Links

Error? Compare Search SABR's Baseball Index Other Links@google.com Baseball Library Baseball-Almanac.com Retrosheet The Baseball Cube The Baseball Page WhatIfSports: Joe Christopher

Viewed 10,201 times through May 31, 2012.
Name and misspellings: Joseph Joe jose joseph O'Neal Christopher

Player Page Tricks and Tips

Sum any set of rows by clicking anywhere (not red or blue) on the first and last rows of your selection. We will then compute the totals for the player between and including those two seasons.
Default Setting for this feature: Turn On / Turn Off
Summation of season totals only works for the initial case when the table is in year order. On a sorted table the results may get a bit goofy.

HIGHLIGHTING: Adding a range or series of player's career seasons or career game numbers (like '#1972:batting_standard', '#1970-1980-sum:batting_standard', or '#1998,1999,2001,2002,sum:pitching_standard') onto the end of a player page url causes the seasons to the highlighted and summed. After changing address bar, reload the page to see highlighting. This will work even in links e-mailed to others. Note that for tables with multiple pages the first table is the default. If you want to create a sum for a table other than the first one, select the rows and after the summation window appears click on "permanent link" link.

The play-by-play information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.

Automatic Player Linking / Statistical Sharing Tool / Basic Player Linking / Data Coverage

See Front Page for time of last update

Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.

Win Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of InsideTheBook.com, and co-author of The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball.

Total Zone Rating and Wins above Replacement calculations provided by Sean Smith of BaseballProjection.com.

Full-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of 24-7 Baseball.

Player head shots courtesy of David Davis. Many thanks to him. We have only selected seasons (players who debuted before 1960) for which we believe the image has reverted into the public domain. We will quickly remove any images for which that can be shown to not be the case.Please let us know if you are aware of any such images on this site.

Play Index Loading Photos from the George Grantham Bain Collection at the Library of Congress.

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