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Rafael Betancourt

Rafael Jose Betancourt

Position: Pitcher
Bats: Right, Throws: Right
Height: 6' 2", Weight: 215 lb.

Born: April 29, 1975 in Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela
Signed by the Boston Red Sox as an amateur free agent in 1993. (All Transactions)
Debut: July 13, 2003
Teams (by GP): Indians/Rockies 2003-2011
2012 Contract Status: Signed thru 2013, 4 yrs/$16.05M (10-13) & 14 mutual option (details) [*]
Service Time (01/2012): 8.079, Free Agent: 2014 [*], Agents: Octagon, previously: Bill Rego,Mitch Frankel [*]
About biographical information

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Fine Details · Last Updated Feb 4, 2012, 4:58PM

All-Time Rank (among Pitchers): #808. Jeff Nelson… #809. Dave Boswell… #810. Jeff Suppan… #811. RAFAEL BETANCOURT… #812. Bob Muncrief… #813. Bill Sweeney… #814. Ned Garvin…

All-Time Rank (among Pitchers): #808. Jeff Nelson… #809. Dave Boswell… #810. Jeff Suppan… #811. RAFAEL BETANCOURT… #812. Bob Muncrief… #813. Bill Sweeney… #814. Ned Garvin…

Standard Pitching

More Stats

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	W	L	W-L%	ERA	G	GS	GF	CG	SHO	SV	IP	H	R	ER	HR	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	BK	WP	BF	ERA+	WHIP	H/9	HR/9	BB/9	SO/9	SO/BB	Awards
1997	22	BOS-min	A	0	3	.000	1.95	27	0	22	0	0	11	32.1	26	9	7	2	2	0	52	0	1	3	125		0.866	7.2	0.6	0.6	14.5	26.00	BTC · MIDW
1998	23	BOS-min	A+,AA,Rk	3	3	.500	4.68	31	3	7	0	0	2	42.1	37	24	22	3	10	0	46	0	1	1	175		1.110	7.9	0.6	2.1	9.8	4.60	SAR,TRE,RES · FLOR,EL,GULF
1999	24	BOS-min	AA,A+	6	2	.750	3.21	45	0	35	0	0	17	61.2	55	24	22	7	11	0	63	0	1	0	243		1.070	8.0	1.0	1.6	9.2	5.73	TRE,SAR · EL,FLOR
2001	26	BOS-min	AA	0	1	.000	5.62	16	0	10	0	0	4	24.0	28	16	15	0	3	0	27	2	0	1	100		1.292	10.5	0.0	1.1	10.1	9.00	TRE · EL
2003	28	CLE-min	AA,AAA	0	0		1.73	35	0	22	0	0	17	52.0	39	13	10	1	15	2	81	0	0	2	210		1.038	6.8	0.2	2.6	14.0	5.40	AKR,BFL · EL,IL
2003	28	CLE	AL	2	2	.500	2.13	33	0	13	0	0	1	38.0	27	11	9	5	13	2	36	1	0	1	154	208	1.053	6.4	1.2	3.1	8.5	2.77
2004	29	CLE-min	AA	0	0		0.00	1	0	0	0	0	0	1.0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	4		1.000	0.0	0.0	9.0	18.0	2.00	AKR · EL
2004	29	CLE	AL	5	6	.455	3.92	68	0	21	0	0	4	66.2	71	32	29	7	18	6	76	0	1	5	286	112	1.335	9.6	0.9	2.4	10.3	4.22
2005	30	CLE	AL	4	3	.571	2.79	54	0	12	0	0	1	67.2	57	23	21	5	17	2	73	0	0	0	272	151	1.094	7.6	0.7	2.3	9.7	4.29
2006	31	CLE-min	AA	0	0		0.00	1	1	0	0	0	0	1.0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	4		1.000	0.0	0.0	9.0	18.0	2.00	AKR · EL
2006	31	CLE	AL	3	4	.429	3.81	50	0	17	0	0	3	56.2	52	25	24	7	11	5	48	0	0	0	231	118	1.112	8.3	1.1	1.7	7.6	4.36
2007	32	CLE	AL	5	1	.833	1.47	68	0	15	0	0	3	79.1	51	13	13	4	9	3	80	0	0	0	289	307	0.756	5.8	0.5	1.0	9.1	8.89
2008	33	CLE	AL	3	4	.429	5.07	69	0	20	0	0	4	71.0	76	41	40	11	25	5	64	0	0	2	309	85	1.423	9.6	1.4	3.2	8.1	2.56
2009	34	CLE-min	AAA	1	0	1.000	0.00	3	0	0	0	0	0	3.1	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	0	0	0	11		0.300	0.0	0.0	2.7	10.8	4.00	CLB · IL
2009	34	TOT	MLB	4	3	.571	2.73	61	0	10	0	0	2	56.0	42	20	17	4	20	5	61	0	0	0	227	165	1.107	6.8	0.6	3.2	9.8	3.05
2009	34	CLE	AL	1	2	.333	3.52	29	0	7	0	0	1	30.2	25	15	12	3	15	4	32	0	0	0	129	122	1.304	7.3	0.9	4.4	9.4	2.13
2009	34	COL	NL	3	1	.750	1.78	32	0	3	0	0	1	25.1	17	5	5	1	5	1	29	0	0	0	98	268	0.868	6.0	0.4	1.8	10.3	5.80
2010	35	COL	NL	5	1	.833	3.61	72	0	18	0	0	1	62.1	52	25	25	9	8	2	89	0	0	7	248	129	0.963	7.5	1.3	1.2	12.9	11.13
2011	36	COL	NL	2	0	1.000	2.89	68	0	24	0	0	8	62.1	46	21	20	7	8	0	73	0	2	1	237	156	0.866	6.6	1.0	1.2	10.5	9.13
9 Seasons				33	24	.579	3.18	543	0	150	0	0	27	560.0	474	211	198	59	129	30	600	1	3	16	2253	140	1.077	7.6	0.9	2.1	9.6	4.65
162 Game Avg.				4	3	.579	3.18	68	0	19	0	0	3	70	59	26	25	7	16	4	75	0	0	2	282	140	1.077	7.6	0.9	2.1	9.6	4.65

CLE (7 yrs)				23	22	.511	3.25	371	0	105	0	0	17	410.0	359	160	148	42	108	27	409	1	1	8	1670	135	1.139	7.9	0.9	2.4	9.0	3.79
COL (3 yrs)				10	2	.833	3.00	172	0	45	0	0	10	150.0	115	51	50	17	21	3	191	0	2	8	583	154	0.907	6.9	1.0	1.3	11.5	9.10

AL (7 yrs)			AL	23	22	.511	3.25	371	0	105	0	0	17	410.0	359	160	148	42	108	27	409	1	1	8	1670	135	1.139	7.9	0.9	2.4	9.0	3.79
NL (3 yrs)			NL	10	2	.833	3.00	172	0	45	0	0	10	150.0	115	51	50	17	21	3	191	0	2	8	583	154	0.907	6.9	1.0	1.3	11.5	9.10

Player Value--Pitchers

WAR: 8+ MVP, 5+ A-S, 2+ Strtr, 0-2 Sub, < 0 Repl.

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	IP	GS	R	Rrep	Rdef	aLI	RAR	WAR	Salary
2003	28	CLE	AL	38.0	0	11	24	0	1.0	13	1.0	$
2004	29	CLE	AL	66.2	0	32	43	-2	1.5	11	0.7	$305,200
2005	30	CLE	AL	67.2	0	23	38	2	.8	15	1.0	$338,600
2006	31	CLE	AL	56.2	0	25	39	-1	1.4	14	1.1	$365,300
2007	32	CLE	AL	79.1	0	13	54	-1	1.6	41	4.2	$840,000
2008	33	CLE	AL	71.0	0	41	46	1	1.3	5	-0.1	$2,050,000
2009	34	CLE	AL	30.2	0	15	18	0	1.4	3	0.1	$3,350,000
2009	34	COL	NL	25.1	0	5	16	0	1.6	11	1.2	$
2010	35	COL	NL	62.1	0	25	36	0	1.4	10	1.2	$3,775,000
2011	36	COL	NL	62.1	0	21	38	-1	1.2	17	1.7	$3,775,000
9 Seasons				560.0	0	211	351	-2	1.3	140	12.1	$14,799,100

CLE (7 yrs)				410.0	0	160	262	-1	1.3	102	8.0	$7,249,100
COL (3 yrs)				150.0	0	51	89	-1	1.3	38	4.1	$7,550,000

Postseason Pitching

Postseason Gamelog

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	Series	Rslt	Opp	W	L	ERA	G	GS	GF	CG	SHO	SV	IP	H	R	ER	HR	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	BK	WP	BF	WHIP	H/9	HR/9	BB/9	SO/9	SO/BB
2007	32	CLE	AL	ALDS	W	NYY	0	0	0.00	2	0	1	0	0	0	2.0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	7	0.500	4.5	0.0	0.0	13.5
2007	32	CLE	AL	ALCS	L	BOS	0	0	6.75	5	0	1	0	0	0	8.0	6	7	6	1	1	1	6	0	0	0	32	0.875	6.8	1.1	1.1	6.8	6.00

2009	34	COL	NL	NLDS	L	PHI	0	0	3.86	3	0	0	0	0	0	2.1	2	1	1	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	10	1.286	7.7	3.9	3.9	11.6	3.00
2 Seasons (3 Series)							0	0	5.11	10	0	2	0	0	0	12.1	9	8	7	2	2	1	12	0	0	0	49	0.892	6.6	1.5	1.5	8.8	6.00
1 ALDS							0	0	0.00	2	0	1	0	0	0	2.0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	7	0.500	4.5	0.0	0.0	13.5
1 NLDS							0	0	3.86	3	0	0	0	0	0	2.1	2	1	1	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	10	1.286	7.7	3.9	3.9	11.6	3.00
1 ALCS							0	0	6.75	5	0	1	0	0	0	8.0	6	7	6	1	1	1	6	0	0	0	32	0.875	6.8	1.1	1.1	6.8	6.00

Standard Batting

More Stats

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	OPS+	TB	GDP	HBP	SH	SF	IBB	Pos
1994	19	BOS-min	Rk	24	71	63	7	7	0	0	0	3	1	0	6	19	.111	.183	.111	.294		7	1	0	0	2	0	RES · GULF
1995	20	BOS-min	Rk	51	189	168	18	43	5	0	0	19	8	5	13	31	.256	.308	.286	.594		48	3	1	4	3	0	RES · GULF
1996	21	BOS-min	A	62	187	168	14	28	1	2	3	14	5	2	12	39	.167	.228	.250	.478		42	7	2	3	2	0	BTC · MIDW
1997	22	BOS-min	A	27	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	BTC · MIDW
1998	23	BOS-min	Rk,A+,AA	31	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	RES,SAR,TRE · GULF,FLOR,EL
1999	24	BOS-min	A+,AA	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	SAR,TRE · FLOR,EL
2001	26	BOS-min	AA	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	TRE · EL
2003	28	CLE-min	AAA,AA	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	BFL,AKR · IL,EL
2003	28	CLE	AL	33	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2004	29	CLE-min	AA	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	AKR · EL
2004	29	CLE	AL	68	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2005	30	CLE	AL	54	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2006	31	CLE-min	AA	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	AKR · EL
2006	31	CLE	AL	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2007	32	CLE	AL	68	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	.000	.000	.000	.000	-100	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2008	33	CLE	AL	69	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2009	34	CLE-min	AAA	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	CLB · IL
2009	34	TOT	MLB	61	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2009	34	CLE	AL	29	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2009	34	COL	NL	32	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2010	35	COL	NL	72	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
2011	36	COL	NL	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0	1
9 Seasons				540	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	.000	.000	.000	.000	-100	0	0	0	0	0	0
162 Game Avg.				162	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	.000	.000	.000	.000	-100	0	0	0	0	0	0

CLE (7 yrs)				371	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	.000	.000	.000	.000	-100	0	0	0	0	0	0
COL (3 yrs)				169	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0

AL (7 yrs)				371	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	.000	.000	.000	.000	-100	0	0	0	0	0	0
NL (3 yrs)				169	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0						0	0	0	0	0	0

Player Value--Batters

WAR: 8+ MVP, 5+ A-S, 2+ Strtr, 0-2 Sub, < 0 Repl.

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	PA	Rbat	Rbaser	Rroe	Rdp	Rfield	Rpos	Rrep	RAR	WAR	oRAR	oWAR	dWAR	Salary	Pos
2007	32	CLE	AL	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0	$840,000	1

2010	35	COL	NL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0			$3,775,000	1
2011	36	COL	NL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0			$3,775,000	1
3 Seasons				1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0	$8,390,000

COL (2 yrs)				0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0			$7,550,000
CLE (1 yr)				1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0	$840,000

Postseason Batting

Postseason Gamelog

Year	Age	Tm	Lg	Series	Opp	Rslt	G	PA	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	OPS	TB	GDP	HBP	SH	SF	IBB
2009	34	COL	NL	NLDS	PHI	L	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0					0	0	0	0	0
1 NLDS							3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0					0	0	0	0	0

Standard Fielding

More Stats

Year	Tm	Lg	Age	Pos	G	Inn	Ch	PO	A	E	DP	Fld%	Rdrs	Rdrs/yr	RF/9	RF/G	lgFld%	lgRF9	lgRFG	SB	CS	CS%
2003	CLE	AL	28	P	33	38.0	3	1	2	0	0	1.000	-1	-5	0.71	0.09	.957	1.73	1.71	3	0	0%
2004	CLE	AL	29	P	68	66.2	5	2	3	0	0	1.000	-1	-3	0.68	0.07	.948	1.66	1.65	7	2	22%
2005	CLE	AL	30	P	54	67.2	6	3	3	0	0	1.000	0	0	0.80	0.11	.953	1.70	1.68	3	4	57%
2006	CLE	AL	31	P	50	56.2	3	2	1	0	0	1.000	-2	-7	0.48	0.06	.957	1.56	1.54	8	2	20%
2007	CLE	AL	32	P	68	79.1	6	2	4	0	1	1.000	0	0	0.68	0.09	.955	1.60	1.59	4	4	50%
2008	CLE	AL	33	P	69	71.0	9	2	6	1	0	.889	-3	-8	1.01	0.12	.952	1.60	1.59	10	1	9%
2009	TOT	MLB	34	P	61	56.0	5	3	2	0	0	1.000	-1	-3	0.80	0.08	.954	1.61	1.61	8	1	11%
2009	CLE	AL	34	P	29	30.2	3	2	1	0	0	1.000	0	0	0.88	0.10	.953	1.53	1.51	4	1	20%
2009	COL	NL	34	P	32	25.1	2	1	1	0	0	1.000	-1	-8	0.71	0.06	.955	1.71	1.70	4	0	0%
2010	COL	NL	35	P	72	62.1	7	3	4	0	0	1.000	-1	-3	1.01	0.10	.954	1.73	1.72	8	2	20%
2011	COL	NL	36	P	68	62.1	2	1	1	0	0	1.000	-3	-10	0.29	0.03	.955	1.80	1.79	5	0	0%
	9 Seasons			P	543	560.0	46	19	26	1	1	.978	-12	-4	0.72	0.08	.953	1.66	1.65	56	16	22%
	9 Seasons			TOT	543	560.0	46	19	26	1	1	.978	-12	-25	0.72	0.08	.953	1.66	1.65	56	16	22%

Note: Fielding stats are a combination of official records and RetroSheet records. Both are likely to have substantial errors and will not match perfectly.

View Complete Notes on Fielding Data

Leagues historically made no effort to balance team, league, and player fielding stats. Since 1990 or so, computers have made this feasible, but prior to that there are hundreds or thousands of discrepancies each year in games played (even whether a player played a position), putouts, assists, double plays and errors.

Pre-1950 SB & CS data for catchers is estimated from catcher assists, games started and opposition stolen bases.
From 1950 on SB, CS, Pickoff, & WP data for catchers and pitchers is taken from play-by-play accounts in the retrosheet files. There are several hundred games without pbp from 1950 to 1973 and for those we may not have any data.
CG & GS come from the retrosheet data and should be complete and pretty accurate from 1919 on.
Innings played (like SB and CS) come from the retrosheet play-by-play data and should be considered mostly complete from 1950 to 1973 and complete from then on.
Stats (PO,A,G, etc) for LF-CF-RF positions (since 1919) is taken from play-by-play or box score data as available.
Stats (PO,A,G,etc) for C,P,1B,2B,3B,SS,OF positions is taken from the official reported totals and may have been corrected at various times since their publication.
For detailed information on which games retrosheet is missing play-by-play from 1950 to 1973, please see their most wanted games list
For detailed information on the availability of data on this site by year, see our data coverage page

Appearances on Leader Boards, Awards, and Honors

Stats are Year-Value-Rank · Glossary

Games Played s c a p y Active 543 (27th)	Games Finished s c a p y Active 150 (46th)	Adj. Pitching Runs s c a p y 2007 AL 27 (6th) Active 77 (35th)	Adj. Pitching Wins s c a p y 2007 AL 2.7 (6th) Active 7.7 (39th)
Base-Out Runs Saved (RE24)† s c a p y 2007 AL 35.24 (5th) Active 86.56 (39th) Career 86.56 (206th)	Win Probability Added (WPA)† s c a p y 2007 AL 5.4 (2nd) Active 12.3 (31st) Career 12.3 (137th)	Sit. Wins Saved (WPA/LI)† s c a p y 2007 AL 3.0 (6th) Active 8.7 (35th) Career 8.7 (176th)	Base-Out Wins Saved (REW)† s c a p y 2007 AL 3.5 (6th) Active 8.5 (41st) Career 8.5 (232nd)
Fielding % as P s c a p y Active .978 (3rd) Career .978 (23rd)

† Statistics like WPA, REW and RE24 are computed from play-by-play data which is only complete from 1974 to the present. From 1950-1973, the data is incomplete, though for most seasons only less than 20 games per season total are missing. Please see our page on data coverage for a full view of the data used to create these leaderboards.

Hall Of Fame Statistics

Player rank in (·)

Hall of Fame Monitor	Pitching - 7 (1143), Likely HOFer ≈ 100
Hall of Fame Standards	Pitching - 23 (241), Average HOFer ≈ 50

Similarity Scores

Explanation of Similarity Scores

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Compare Stats to Similars

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Mike James (977) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Peter Moylan (970) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Matt Herges (972) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Bob Humphreys (960) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Dan Osinski (950) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
Larry Andersen (950) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C

Transactions

September 13, 1993: Signed by the Boston Red Sox as an amateur free agent.
November 18, 1999: Released by the Boston Red Sox.
December 13, 2000: Signed as a Free Agent with the Boston Red Sox.
October 15, 2001: Granted Free Agency.
January 20, 2003: Signed as a Free Agent with the Cleveland Indians.
July 23, 2009: Traded by the Cleveland Indians to the Colorado Rockies for Connor Graham (minors).
November 13, 2009: Granted Free Agency.
December 7, 2009: Signed as a Free Agent with the Colorado Rockies.

The transaction information used here was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. We attempt to update transactions throughout the season.

Salaries

Salaries may not be complete (especially pre-1985) and may not include some earned bonuses

Year	Age	Team	Salary	Sources
2004	29	Cleveland Indians	$305,200	4/7/04 AP
2005	30	Cleveland Indians	$338,600
2006	31	Cleveland Indians	$365,300
2007	32	Cleveland Indians	$840,000
2008	33	Cleveland Indians	$2,050,000
2009	34	Cleveland Indians	$3,350,000
2010	35	Colorado Rockies	$3,775,000
2011	36	Colorado Rockies	$3,775,000

2012	37	Colorado Rockies	$4,000,000
2013	38	Colorado Rockies	$4,250,000
2014	39	Colorado Rockies	*$4,250,000	$4.25M Mutual Option, $250k Buyout

Career to date (may be incomplete)			$14,799,100	Does not include future salaries

Salary Data (about) courtesy Doug Pappas, and the Society for American Baseball Research.
Salaries for mid-season call-ups or traded players may not be shown.

Other Resources & Links

Error? Compare Search SABR's Baseball Index Other Links@google.com Baseball-Almanac.com CNN/SI ESPN Retrosheet The Baseball Cube The Baseball Page WhatIfSports: Rafael Betancourt

Viewed 29,901 times through February 4, 2012.
Name and misspellings: Rafael Jose Rafael rafeal raffael raphael Betancourt

Player Page Tricks and Tips

Sum any set of rows by clicking anywhere (not red or blue) on the first and last rows of your selection. We will then compute the totals for the player between and including those two seasons.
Default Setting for this feature: Turn On / Turn Off
Summation of season totals only works for the initial case when the table is in year order. On a sorted table the results may get a bit goofy.

HIGHLIGHTING: Adding a range or series of player's career seasons or career game numbers (like '#1972:batting_standard', '#1970-1980-sum:batting_standard', or '#1998,1999,2001,2002,sum:pitching_standard') onto the end of a player page url causes the seasons to the highlighted and summed. After changing address bar, reload the page to see highlighting. This will work even in links e-mailed to others. Note that for tables with multiple pages the first table is the default. If you want to create a sum for a table other than the first one, select the rows and after the summation window appears click on "permanent link" link.

The play-by-play information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.

Automatic Player Linking / Statistical Sharing Tool / Basic Player Linking / Data Coverage

See Front Page for time of last update

Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.

Win Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of InsideTheBook.com, and co-author of The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball.

Total Zone Rating and Wins above Replacement calculations provided by Sean Smith of BaseballProjection.com.

Full-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of 24-7 Baseball.

Player head shots courtesy of David Davis. Many thanks to him. We have only selected seasons (players who debuted before 1960) for which we believe the image has reverted into the public domain. We will quickly remove any images for which that can be shown to not be the case.Please let us know if you are aware of any such images on this site.

Play Index Loading Photos from the George Grantham Bain Collection at the Library of Congress.

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