You Are Here > Baseball-Reference.com > Box Scores > 1999 > May 11, 1999, Twins at Devil Rays Play by Play and Box Score

View a short video showing advanced box score features / click orange/red text for additional info

SEA  8
@BOS  5

TEX 11
@CHW  5

CLE 11
BAL  6

OAK  6
@DET  2

TOR  8
@KCR  2

ANA  9
@NYY  7

MIN  2
@TBD  1
ARI  4
MON  3

(10)
CIN  9
MIL  1

COL  8
NYM  5

HOU 19
PIT  8

CHC 10
@LAD  5

FLA  5
@SDP  4

ATL  9
@SFG  8

(12)
PHI  9
@STL  4

Standings at end of play this day

Tropicana Field, Attendance: 17,227

Tuesday, May 11, 1999, 7:06PM
Time of Game: 2:32
Twins
2
12-21
Won 1
5th, 11½ GB
                1  2  3   4  5  6   7  8  9    R  H  E
                -  -  -   -  -  -   -  -  -    -  -  -
Twins           0  0  0   0  2  0   0  0  0    2  5  0
Devil Rays      1  0  0   0  0  0   0  0  0    1  6  1
W: Brad Radke (4-2), L: Ryan Rupe (0-1), S: Rick Aguilera (6)
Devil Rays
1
17-17
Lost 2
3rd, 4½ GB

Batting Stats

Minnesota Twins              AB   R   H RBI   BB  SO    BA   OPS  Pit  Str   PO   A  Details
T Walker 2B                   3   1   1   1    1   1  .248  .658   16    9    1   2   2B
  D Hocking 2B                0   0   0   0    0   0  .235  .606              0   0   
C Allen LF                    4   0   1   1    0   2  .257  .687   22   12    1   0   
M Lawton RF                   4   0   0   0    0   1  .260  .720   10    8    2   0   
R Coomer 3B                   4   0   0   0    0   1  .347  .924   12    9    0   2   
M Cordova DH                  4   0   2   0    0   1  .301  .888   15    9    0   0   3B
D Mientkiewicz 1B             2   0   0   0    2   0  .260  .768   14    5   12   2   
T Steinbach C                 4   0   0   0    0   1  .300  .763   13    8    6   0   
T Hunter CF                   4   1   1   0    0   1  .246  .670   13    8    1   0   
C Guzman SS                   3   0   0   0    0   2  .180  .391    7    7    2   7   

B Radke P                                                                     2   0
  R Aguilera P                                                                0   0
Totals                       32   2   5   0    3  10              122   75   27  13
Batting Events
2B: T Walker (7, off R Rupe).
3B: M Cordova (1, off R Rupe).
TB: M Cordova 4; T Walker 2; T Hunter; C Allen.
RBI: T Walker (9); C Allen (9).
2-out RBI: T Walker; C Allen.
Team LOB: 6.
With RISP: 2 for 6.
Fielding Events
DP: 2. C Guzman-T Walker-D Mientkiewicz; C Guzman-D Mientkiewicz.
Baserunning Events
Pickoffs: T Walker (1st base by R Rupe).
Tampa Bay Devil Rays         AB   R   H RBI   BB  SO    BA   OPS  Pit  Str   PO   A  Details
Q McCracken CF                4   0   0   0    0   0  .250  .613    8    7    2   0   
D Martinez RF                 3   1   1   0    1   1  .308  .850   23   14    4   0   
J Canseco DH                  4   0   1   0    0   0  .276  .970   13   10    0   0   GDP
F McGriff 1B                  3   0   1   1    1   1  .330 1.120   17   10    4   0   2B
H Perry 3B                    4   0   1   0    0   1  .391  .938   13    9    1   2   2B
P Sorrento LF                 4   0   1   0    0   2  .327  .883   11    8    1   0   
J Flaherty C                  4   0   1   0    0   0  .275  .785   11    9   11   0   2B,GDP
B Smith 2B                    3   0   0   0    1   1  .157  .496   13    6    4   2   
K Stocker SS                  0   0   0   0    0   0  .327  .829    2         0   1   HBP
  D Lamb SS                   2   0   0   0    0   0  .209  .556    7    4    0   1   

R Rupe P                                                                      0   0
  S Aldred P                                                                  0   0
  A Lopez P                                                                   0   0
Totals                       31   1   6   0    3   6              118   77   27   6
Batting Events
2B: H Perry (3, off B Radke); F McGriff (8, off B Radke); J Flaherty (7, off B Radke).
HBP: K Stocker (2, by B Radke).
TB: J Flaherty 2; H Perry 2; F McGriff 2; J Canseco; P Sorrento; D Martinez.
GIDP: J Canseco (3); J Flaherty (3).
RBI: F McGriff (26).
Team LOB: 7.
With RISP: 1 for 7.
Fielding Events
E: R Rupe ().

Pitching Stats

Minnesota Twins               IP     H   R  ER   BB  SO  HR    ERA   BF  Pit-Str  Ct·Sw·Lk   GB·FB·LD· ?   GmSc  IR-IS   LevI    WPA
B Radke, W (4-2)               8     6   1   1    3   5   0   3.44   32  110-72   45·11·16   15· 8· 4· 0     68    -     1.25   0.55
R Aguilera, S (6)              1     0   0   0    0   1   0   1.40    3    8-5     2· 1· 2    0· 2· 0· 0          0-0    2.78   0.23
Totals                         9     6   1   1    3   6   0          35  118-77   47·12·18   15·10· 4· 0           -  
Tampa Bay Devil Rays          IP     H   R  ER   BB  SO  HR    ERA   BF  Pit-Str  Ct·Sw·Lk   GB·FB·LD· ?   GmSc  IR-IS   LevI    WPA
R Rupe, L (0-1)                7     4   2   2    2   7   0   5.40   27   88-57   27·15·15    5·13· 2· 0     66    -     0.96   0.17
S Aldred                       1     0   0   0    0   2   0   2.00    3   13-9     3· 1· 5    1· 0· 0· 0          0-0    0.75   0.06
A Lopez                        1     1   0   0    1   1   0   6.88    5   19-9     4· 3· 2    2· 1· 0· 0          0-0    1.01   0.05
Totals                         9     5   2   2    3  10   0          35  120-75   34·19·22    8·14· 2· 0           -  
Balks: None.
WP: R Rupe (1).
HBP: B Radke (1; K Stocker).
IBB: None.
Pickoffs: R Rupe (0; T Walker, 1st base).

Other Info

Umpires: HP - Terry Craft, 1B - Ken Kaiser, 2B - Jim McKean, 3B - Jim Joyce.
Time of Game: 2:32.
Attendance: 17,227.
Start Time Weather: 72° F, Wind 0mph, In Dome.

Lineups

   Minnesota Twins                           Tampa Bay Devil Rays                         
1. Todd Walker                  2B       1. Quinton McCracken            CF
2. Chad Allen                   LF       2. Dave Martinez                RF
3. Matt Lawton                  RF       3. Jose Canseco                 DH
4. Ron Coomer                   3B       4. Fred McGriff                 1B
5. Marty Cordova                DH       5. Herb Perry                   3B
6. Doug Mientkiewicz            1B       6. Paul Sorrento                LF
7. Terry Steinbach               C       7. John Flaherty                 C
8. Torii Hunter                 CF       8. Bobby Smith                  2B
9. Cristian Guzman              SS       9. Kevin Stocker                SS

   Brad Radke                    P          Ryan Rupe                     P

Top 5 Plays

Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Out RoB R/O Pit(cnt) wWPA wWE Score @Bat Batter Pitcher Play Description
b6 0 1-- OO 5,(1-2)  13% 66% 1-2 TBD J. Flaherty B. Radke Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B
t5 2 -2- R 4,(2-1)  13% 47% 0-1 MIN T. Walker R. Rupe Double to CF (Fly Ball to Deep LF-CF); Hunter Scores
b1 1 12- R 2,(1-0)  -12% 29% 0-0 TBD F. McGriff B. Radke Double to RF (Fly Ball); Martinez Scores; Canseco to 3B
t5 2 --3 R 4,(2-1)  11% 59% 1-1 MIN C. Allen R. Rupe Single to LF (Ground Ball thru SS-3B Hole); Walker Scores
b5 0 1-- OO 6,(1-2)  11% 63% 1-2 TBD J. Canseco B. Radke Ground Ball Double Play: SS-1B (SS-2B)

Play By Play

Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · Box Score Explanation · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Out RoB R/O Pit(cnt) wWPA wWE Score @Bat Batter Pitcher Play Description
Top of the 1st, Twins Batting, Tied 0-0, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 1-2-3
t1 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  -2% 48% 0-0 MIN T. Walker R. Rupe Strikeout Swinging
t1 1 --- O 6,(2-2)  -2% 46% 0-0 MIN C. Allen R. Rupe Strikeout Swinging
t1 2 --- O 2,(0-1)  -1% 45% 0-0 MIN M. Lawton R. Rupe Popfly: 2B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 0.
Bottom of the 1st, Devil Rays Batting, Tied 0-0, Twins' Brad Radke facing 1-2-3
b1 0 --- O 2,(0-1)  2% 47% 0-0 TBD Q. McCracken B. Radke Groundout: SS-1B
b1 1 --- 9,(3-2)  -2% 45% 0-0 TBD D. Martinez B. Radke Walk
b1 1 1-- 1,(0-0)  -3% 41% 0-0 TBD J. Canseco B. Radke Single to LF (Line Drive to Deep SS-3B Hole); Martinez to 2B
b1 1 12- R 2,(1-0)  -12% 29% 0-0 TBD F. McGriff B. Radke Double to RF (Fly Ball); Martinez Scores; Canseco to 3B
b1 1 -23 O 4,(2-1)  6% 35% 1-0 TBD H. Perry B. Radke Popfly: 1B (Weak 2B-1B)
b1 2 -23 O 3,(2-0)  5% 40% 1-0 TBD P. Sorrento B. Radke Groundout: SS-1B (Weak SS)
1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 2nd, Twins Batting, Behind 0-1, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 4-5-6
t2 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  -2% 38% 0-1 MIN R. Coomer R. Rupe Flyball: RF
t2 1 --- O 6,(3-2)  -2% 36% 0-1 MIN M. Cordova R. Rupe Strikeout Swinging
t2 2 --- 5,(3-1)  1% 37% 0-1 MIN D. Mientkiewicz R. Rupe Walk
t2 2 1-- O 5,(3-1)  -3% 35% 0-1 MIN T. Steinbach R. Rupe Groundout: SS-2B/Forceout at 2B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 2nd, Devil Rays Batting, Ahead 1-0, Twins' Brad Radke facing 7-8-9
b2 0 --- 1,(0-0)  -5% 30% 1-0 TBD J. Flaherty B. Radke Double to LF (Ground Ball)
b2 0 -2- O 4,(1-2)  4% 33% 1-0 TBD B. Smith B. Radke Strikeout Swinging
b2 1 -2- 2,(1-0)  -2% 32% 1-0 TBD K. Stocker B. Radke Hit By Pitch
b2 1 12- O 2,(0-1)  3% 35% 1-0 TBD Q. McCracken B. Radke Groundout: 1B-SS/Forceout at 2B (2B-1B); Flaherty to 3B
b2 2 1-3 O 5,(2-2)  5% 40% 1-0 TBD D. Martinez B. Radke Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 3rd, Twins Batting, Behind 0-1, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 8-9-1
t3 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  -3% 37% 0-1 MIN T. Hunter R. Rupe Strikeout Looking
t3 1 --- O 3,(0-2)  -2% 35% 0-1 MIN C. Guzman R. Rupe Strikeout Swinging
t3 2 --- 6,(3-2)  1% 36% 0-1 MIN T. Walker R. Rupe Walk
t3 2 1-- 1,(1-0)  1% 38% 0-1 MIN C. Allen R. Rupe Walker Picked off 1B, safe on E1; Walker to 3B
t3 2 --3 O 4,(2-1)  -4% 34% 0-1 MIN C. Allen R. Rupe Lineout: 2B
0 runs, 0 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 3rd, Devil Rays Batting, Ahead 1-0, Twins' Brad Radke facing 3-4-5
b3 0 --- O 5,(2-2)  2% 36% 1-0 TBD J. Canseco B. Radke Groundout: SS-1B
b3 1 --- O 5,(1-2)  2% 38% 1-0 TBD F. McGriff B. Radke Strikeout Looking
b3 2 --- 1,(0-0)  -2% 36% 1-0 TBD H. Perry B. Radke Double to RF (Line Drive to Short RF Line)
b3 2 -2- O 3,(0-2)  3% 39% 1-0 TBD P. Sorrento B. Radke Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 4th, Twins Batting, Behind 0-1, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 3-4-5
David Lamb replaces Kevin Stocker playing SS batting 9th
t4 0 --- O 2,(0-1)  -3% 36% 0-1 MIN M. Lawton R. Rupe Foul Popfly: C
t4 1 --- O 3,(0-2)  -2% 34% 0-1 MIN R. Coomer R. Rupe Strikeout Swinging
t4 2 --- 2,(0-1)  3% 37% 0-1 MIN M. Cordova R. Rupe Triple to RF (Fly Ball to Deep RF Line)
t4 2 --3 O 2,(0-1)  -5% 32% 0-1 MIN D. Mientkiewicz R. Rupe Flyball: RF (Deep CF-RF)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 4th, Devil Rays Batting, Ahead 1-0, Twins' Brad Radke facing 7-8-9
b4 0 --- O 3,(0-2)  2% 35% 1-0 TBD J. Flaherty B. Radke Flyball: RF
b4 1 --- 5,(3-1)  -2% 32% 1-0 TBD B. Smith B. Radke Walk
b4 1 1-- O 4,(1-2)  3% 35% 1-0 TBD D. Lamb B. Radke Flyball: CF
b4 2 1-- O 1,(0-0)  3% 37% 1-0 TBD Q. McCracken B. Radke Groundout: 1B unassisted
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Twins 0, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 5th, Twins Batting, Behind 0-1, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 7-8-9
t5 0 --- O 2,(1-0)  -3% 34% 0-1 MIN T. Steinbach R. Rupe Flyball: LF
t5 1 --- 2,(1-0)  4% 38% 0-1 MIN T. Hunter R. Rupe Single to RF (Pop Fly to Short CF-RF)
t5 1 1-- O 1,(0-0)  -3% 35% 0-1 MIN C. Guzman R. Rupe Groundout: 3B-1B (Weak 3B); Hunter to 2B
t5 2 -2- R 4,(2-1)  13% 47% 0-1 MIN T. Walker R. Rupe Double to CF (Fly Ball to Deep LF-CF); Hunter Scores
t5 2 -2- 1,(0-0)  1% 48% 1-1 MIN C. Allen R. Rupe Wild Pitch; Walker to 3B
t5 2 --3 R 4,(2-1)  11% 59% 1-1 MIN C. Allen R. Rupe Single to LF (Ground Ball thru SS-3B Hole); Walker Scores
t5 2 1-- O 1,(0-0)  -3% 57% 2-1 MIN M. Lawton R. Rupe Flyball: CF
2 runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 5th, Devil Rays Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Brad Radke facing 2-3-4
b5 0 --- 2,(0-1)  -5% 51% 1-2 TBD D. Martinez B. Radke Single to CF (Line Drive)
b5 0 1-- OO 6,(1-2)  11% 63% 1-2 TBD J. Canseco B. Radke Ground Ball Double Play: SS-1B (SS-2B)
b5 2 --- 6,(3-2)  -2% 61% 1-2 TBD F. McGriff B. Radke Walk
b5 2 1-- O 4,(1-2)  4% 65% 1-2 TBD H. Perry B. Radke Groundout: SS-1B (Weak SS)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 6th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 4-5-6
t6 0 --- O 2,(0-1)  -3% 62% 2-1 MIN R. Coomer R. Rupe Flyball: RF (Deep RF)
t6 1 --- O 2,(1-0)  -2% 60% 2-1 MIN M. Cordova R. Rupe Lineout: 3B (SS-3B Hole)
t6 2 --- O 3,(1-1)  -2% 58% 2-1 MIN D. Mientkiewicz R. Rupe Groundout: 2B-1B (Weak 2B)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 6th, Devil Rays Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Brad Radke facing 6-7-8
b6 0 --- 1,(0-0)  -6% 52% 1-2 TBD P. Sorrento B. Radke Single to RF (Ground Ball thru 2B-1B)
b6 0 1-- OO 5,(1-2)  13% 66% 1-2 TBD J. Flaherty B. Radke Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B
b6 2 --- O 2,(1-0)  2% 68% 1-2 TBD B. Smith B. Radke Groundout: 3B-1B (SS-3B Hole)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 7th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Devil Rays' Ryan Rupe facing 7-8-9
t7 0 --- O 3,(1-1)  -3% 65% 2-1 MIN T. Steinbach R. Rupe Groundout: 3B-1B
t7 1 --- O 3,(1-1)  -2% 63% 2-1 MIN T. Hunter R. Rupe Flyball: RF (Deep CF-RF)
t7 2 --- O 3,(0-2)  -2% 61% 2-1 MIN C. Guzman R. Rupe Strikeout Swinging
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 7th, Devil Rays Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Brad Radke facing 9-1-2
b7 0 --- O 3,(2-0)  5% 66% 1-2 TBD D. Lamb B. Radke Lineout: P (P's Left)
b7 1 --- O 3,(1-1)  4% 70% 1-2 TBD Q. McCracken B. Radke Groundout: 2B-1B
b7 2 --- O 7,(3-2)  3% 73% 1-2 TBD D. Martinez B. Radke Groundout: 1B-P
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 8th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Devil Rays' Scott Aldred facing 1-2-3
Scott Aldred replaces Ryan Rupe pitching
t8 0 --- O 2,(0-1)  -3% 70% 2-1 MIN T. Walker S. Aldred Groundout: 2B-1B (Weak 2B)
t8 1 --- O 6,(2-2)  -2% 68% 2-1 MIN C. Allen S. Aldred Strikeout Swinging
t8 2 --- O 5,(2-2)  -2% 66% 2-1 MIN M. Lawton S. Aldred Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 8th, Devil Rays Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Brad Radke facing 3-4-5
Dennis Hocking replaces Todd Walker playing 2B batting 1st
b8 0 --- O 1,(0-0)  7% 73% 1-2 TBD J. Canseco B. Radke Groundout: SS-1B
b8 1 --- O 4,(1-2)  5% 78% 1-2 TBD F. McGriff B. Radke Groundout: 3B-1B (Weak 3B)
b8 2 --- O 4,(1-2)  4% 82% 1-2 TBD H. Perry B. Radke Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Top of the 9th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Devil Rays' Albie Lopez facing 4-5-6
Albie Lopez replaces Scott Aldred pitching
t9 0 --- O 3,(2-0)  -2% 80% 2-1 MIN R. Coomer A. Lopez Flyball: CF
t9 1 --- 5,(2-2)  2% 82% 2-1 MIN M. Cordova A. Lopez Single to LF (Ground Ball thru SS-3B Hole)
t9 1 1-- 4,(3-0)  3% 84% 2-1 MIN D. Mientkiewicz A. Lopez Walk; Cordova to 2B
t9 1 12- O 3,(0-2)  -3% 81% 2-1 MIN T. Steinbach A. Lopez Strikeout Swinging
t9 2 12- O 4,(2-1)  -4% 77% 2-1 MIN T. Hunter A. Lopez Groundout: SS-2B/Forceout at 2B
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.
Bottom of the 9th, Devil Rays Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Rick Aguilera facing 6-7-8
Rick Aguilera replaces Brad Radke pitching
b9 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  10% 87% 1-2 TBD P. Sorrento R. Aguilera Strikeout Looking
b9 1 --- O 2,(1-0)  7% 94% 1-2 TBD J. Flaherty R. Aguilera Flyball: LF
b9 2 --- O 2,(1-0)  6% 100% 1-2 TBD B. Smith R. Aguilera Flyball: RF
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Twins 2, Devil Rays 1.

Retrosheet.org Boxscore:TBA199905110

Play-by-Play Explanation

  • RoB- This gives the baserunner (Runners on Base) configuration at the start of the play. "1-3" would mean runners on first and third. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • R/O- This has a "O" for every out on the play and an "R" for every run that scored on the play. Some plays will have both in no particular order.
  • Pit- When available, the number of pitches in this plate appearance. Clicking on this number will show the sequence of pitches thrown including, when available, things like runner going, ball blocked, attempted pickoffs and the like. We believe this data to be as accurate as humanly possible, but there are going to be some errors in the data, so please take it with a grain of salt. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • wWPA- Winning Team's Win Probability Added. The amount that this play increased or decreased the eventual winning team's probability of winning the game. More About Win Probability Added
  • wWE- Winning Team's Win Expectancy. The probability of the eventual winning team winning the game prior to this play given two average teams playing each other. More About Win Probability Added
  • Score- The score from the perspective of the batting team.
  • Batter- The batter at the plate when this play occurred. If the play is a baserunning event, then the batter's name will be repeated as indicated by quotes.
  • Pitcher- The pitcher on the mound when this play occurred.
  • Play Detail- This is an explanation of the play that occurred. In some cases, batted ball location and type will be indicated within parentheses. Again, these are best efforts to the record the game as it happened. Also, plays made on the baserunners (including the batter as a baserunner) will be indicated in parentheses after the baserunner's name. Advancement of baserunners is given in cases where the advancement is not easily deduced or obvious from the play. For example, advancement for a walk will not be given, but for a single or double it will be given.

Please report any issues or strangeness you see with the description of plays given above. We have tested several hundred different types of plays, but, in all likelihood, there are still some errors or misinterpretations of the play-by-play data.

The play-by-play information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.

In some cases, the results from play-by-play data will contradict results in the official record. The official record has many, many errors, but we have not undertaken to reconcile those errors. Pitch-by-pitch data should not be taken as completely accurate, though we believe it to be as accurate as is currently possible.

Box scores and play-by-play outputs produced by Sports Reference LLC. All Rights Reserved.