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You Are Here > Baseball-Reference.com > Box Scores > 1975 > Apr 20, 1975, Pirates at Cardinals Play by Play and Box Score
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Busch Stadium, Attendance: 20,935 |
Sunday, April 20, 1975, 1:23PM Time of Game: 1:59 |
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Pirates
5
5-4
Won 2
2nd, 1½ GB
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Pirates 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 8 1
Cardinals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1
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Cardinals
0
6-5
Lost 2
2nd, 1½ GB
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Batting Stats
Pittsburgh Pirates AB R H RBI BB SO BA OPS Pit Str PO A Details R Stennett 2B 4 1 0 1 0 0 .216 .590 0 2 R Hebner 3B 4 0 3 2 0 1 .351 .982 0 1 3B A Oliver CF 4 0 0 0 0 0 .256 .626 3 0 W Stargell 1B 3 0 1 0 1 1 .417 1.182 15 1 IW R Zisk LF 4 1 1 0 0 0 .297 .690 2 0 2B,GDP D Parker RF 4 0 1 0 0 0 .231 .609 2 0 M Sanguillen C 4 1 1 1 0 0 .265 .754 3 0 F Taveras SS 4 1 0 0 0 1 .077 .220 2 5 K Brett P 3 1 1 1 0 0 .333 1.667 0 1 HR D Giusti P 1 0 0 0 0 1 .000 .000 0 1 Totals 35 5 8 0 1 4 27 11
Batting Events
2B: R Zisk (1, off J Denny).
3B: R Hebner (1, off J Denny).
HR: K Brett (1, off M Garman; 7th inn, 0 on, 0 outs to RF).
IBB: W Stargell (2, by J Denny).
TB: R Hebner 5; K Brett 4; R Zisk 2; D Parker; W Stargell; M Sanguillen.
GIDP: R Zisk (2).
RBI: R Hebner 2 (5); R Stennett (5); K Brett (1); M Sanguillen (6).
2-out RBI: R Hebner 2.
Team LOB: 4.
With RISP: 3 for 8.
Fielding Events
DP: 1. W Stargell-F Taveras.
E: W Stargell (2).
St.Louis Cardinals AB R H RBI BB SO BA OPS Pit Str PO A Details L Brock LF 4 0 2 0 0 0 .250 .671 2 0 T Sizemore 2B 3 0 0 0 1 0 .267 .642 3 2 B McBride CF 3 0 0 0 1 0 .279 .726 2 0 SB,GDP R Smith RF 4 0 1 0 0 0 .300 .829 3 0 T Simmons C 4 0 0 0 0 1 .282 .787 4 0 K Reitz 3B 4 0 1 0 0 0 .405 .919 2 3 2B K Hernandez 1B 4 0 1 0 0 1 .190 .515 9 0 E Brinkman SS 3 0 1 0 0 0 .333 .839 1 5 J Denny P 1 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 1 1 L Melendez PH 1 0 0 0 0 0 .250 .500 0 0 M Garman P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R Fairly PH 1 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .200 0 0 A Hrabosky P 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .500 0 0 Totals 32 0 6 0 2 2 27 11
Batting Events
2B: K Reitz (4, off D Giusti).
TB: L Brock 2; K Reitz 2; E Brinkman; K Hernandez; R Smith.
GIDP: B McBride (2).
Team LOB: 7.
With RISP: 0 for 10.
Fielding Events
DP: 1. E Brinkman-K Hernandez.
E: J Denny (1).
Baserunning Events
SB: B McBride (2, 2nd base off K Brett/M Sanguillen).
Pitching Stats
Pittsburgh Pirates IP H R ER BB SO HR ERA BF Pit-Str Ct·Sw·Lk GB·FB·LD· ? GmSc IR-IS LevI WPA K Brett, W (1-0) 6 4 0 0 2 0 0 0.00 23 - · · 7·10· 0· 4 62 - 0.87 0.23 D Giusti, S (1) 3 2 0 0 0 2 0 0.00 11 - · · 6· 1· 0· 2 0-0 0.41 0.04 Totals 9 6 0 0 2 2 0 34 - · · 13·11· 0· 6 -
St.Louis Cardinals IP H R ER BB SO HR ERA BF Pit-Str Ct·Sw·Lk GB·FB·LD· ? GmSc IR-IS LevI WPA J Denny, L (2-1) 5 7 4 1 1 1 0 1.40 23 - · · 10· 4· 0· 7 43 - 0.84 -0.23 M Garman 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1.17 7 - · · 3· 2· 0· 1 0-0 0.18 -0.01 A Hrabosky 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2.00 6 - · · 1· 3· 0· 0 0-0 0.04 0.01 Totals 9 8 5 2 1 4 1 36 - · · 14· 9· 0· 8 -
Balks: None.
WP: K Brett (1).
HBP: None.
IBB: J Denny (1; W Stargell).
Pickoffs: None.
Other Info
Umpires:
HP - Bill Williams, 1B - Andy Olsen, 2B - Terry Tata, 3B - Ed Sudol.
Time of Game: 1:59.
Attendance: 20,935.
Field Condition: Unknown.
Start Time Weather: Unknown.
Lineups
Pittsburgh Pirates St.Louis Cardinals 1. Rennie Stennett 2B 1. Lou Brock LF 2. Richie Hebner 3B 2. Ted Sizemore 2B 3. Al Oliver CF 3. Bake McBride CF 4. Willie Stargell 1B 4. Reggie Smith RF 5. Richie Zisk LF 5. Ted Simmons C 6. Dave Parker RF 6. Ken Reitz 3B 7. Manny Sanguillen C 7. Keith Hernandez 1B 8. Frank Taveras SS 8. Ed Brinkman SS 9. Ken Brett P 9. John Denny P
Top 5 Plays
Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · wWE and wWPA Explanation| Inn | Out | RoB | R/O | Pit(cnt) | wWPA | wWE | Score | @Bat | Batter | Pitcher | Play Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t2 | 2 | 1-3 | RR | 14% | 85% | 2-0 | PIT | R. Hebner | J. Denny | Triple to RF; Taveras Scores/unER; Stennett Scores/unER | |
| t2 | 0 | -2- | 7% | 63% | 0-0 | PIT | D. Parker | J. Denny | Single to LF; Zisk to 3B | ||
| t2 | 0 | --- | 6% | 56% | 0-0 | PIT | R. Zisk | J. Denny | Double to LF | ||
| b6 | 0 | 1-- | OO | 6% | 94% | 0-4 | STL | B. McBride | K. Brett | Ground Ball Double Play: 1B-SS | |
| t2 | 0 | 1-3 | R | 6% | 69% | 0-0 | PIT | M. Sanguillen | J. Denny | Single to LF; Zisk Scores; Parker to 2B |
Play By Play
Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · Box Score Explanation · wWE and wWPA Explanation| Inn | Out | RoB | R/O | Pit(cnt) | wWPA | wWE | Score | @Bat | Batter | Pitcher | Play Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top of the 1st, Pirates Batting, Tied 0-0, Cardinals' John Denny facing 1-2-3 | |||||||||||
| t1 | 0 | --- | O | -2% | 48% | 0-0 | PIT | R. Stennett | J. Denny | Groundout: 3B-1B | |
| t1 | 1 | --- | 2% | 50% | 0-0 | PIT | R. Hebner | J. Denny | Single to LF | ||
| t1 | 1 | 1-- | O | -3% | 48% | 0-0 | PIT | A. Oliver | J. Denny | Groundout: SS-2B/Forceout at 2B | |
| t1 | 2 | 1-- | O | -2% | 45% | 0-0 | PIT | W. Stargell | J. Denny | Strikeout | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Pirates 0, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 1st, Cardinals Batting, Tied 0-0, Pirates' Ken Brett facing 1-2-3 | |||||||||||
| b1 | 0 | --- | O | 2% | 48% | 0-0 | STL | L. Brock | K. Brett | Flyball: SS | |
| b1 | 1 | --- | O | 1% | 49% | 0-0 | STL | T. Sizemore | K. Brett | Flyball: CF | |
| b1 | 2 | --- | -1% | 48% | 0-0 | STL | B. McBride | K. Brett | Walk | ||
| b1 | 2 | 1-- | -1% | 46% | 0-0 | STL | R. Smith | K. Brett | McBride Steals 2B; McBride to 3B/Adv on E3 | ||
| b1 | 2 | --3 | O | 4% | 50% | 0-0 | STL | R. Smith | K. Brett | Flyball: 1B | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB. Pirates 0, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 2nd, Pirates Batting, Tied 0-0, Cardinals' John Denny facing 5-6-7 | |||||||||||
| t2 | 0 | --- | 6% | 56% | 0-0 | PIT | R. Zisk | J. Denny | Double to LF | ||
| t2 | 0 | -2- | 7% | 63% | 0-0 | PIT | D. Parker | J. Denny | Single to LF; Zisk to 3B | ||
| t2 | 0 | 1-3 | R | 6% | 69% | 0-0 | PIT | M. Sanguillen | J. Denny | Single to LF; Zisk Scores; Parker to 2B | |
| t2 | 0 | 12- | O | -5% | 64% | 1-0 | PIT | F. Taveras | J. Denny | Groundout: P-3B/Forceout at 3B; Sanguillen to 2B | |
| t2 | 1 | 12- | 5% | 70% | 1-0 | PIT | K. Brett | J. Denny | Reached on E1 (Ground Ball); Sanguillen to 3B; Taveras to 2B | ||
| t2 | 1 | 123 | RO | 1% | 71% | 1-0 | PIT | R. Stennett | J. Denny | Groundout: SS-2B/Forceout at 2B; Sanguillen Scores/unER; Taveras to 3B | |
| t2 | 2 | 1-3 | RR | 14% | 85% | 2-0 | PIT | R. Hebner | J. Denny | Triple to RF; Taveras Scores/unER; Stennett Scores/unER | |
| t2 | 2 | --3 | O | -2% | 83% | 4-0 | PIT | A. Oliver | J. Denny | Flyball: RF | |
| 4 runs, 4 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 2nd, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-4, Pirates' Ken Brett facing 5-6-7 | |||||||||||
| b2 | 0 | --- | O | 2% | 85% | 0-4 | STL | T. Simmons | K. Brett | Flyball: CF | |
| b2 | 1 | --- | O | 1% | 86% | 0-4 | STL | K. Reitz | K. Brett | Groundout: 3B-1B | |
| b2 | 2 | --- | O | 1% | 87% | 0-4 | STL | K. Hernandez | K. Brett | Groundout: 2B-1B | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 3rd, Pirates Batting, Ahead 4-0, Cardinals' John Denny facing 4-5-6 | |||||||||||
| t3 | 0 | --- | 2% | 88% | 4-0 | PIT | W. Stargell | J. Denny | Single to RF | ||
| t3 | 0 | 1-- | OO | -3% | 85% | 4-0 | PIT | R. Zisk | J. Denny | Ground Ball Double Play: SS-1B | |
| t3 | 2 | --- | O | -0% | 85% | 4-0 | PIT | D. Parker | J. Denny | Foul Flyball: 3B | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 3rd, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-4, Pirates' Ken Brett facing 8-9-1 | |||||||||||
| b3 | 0 | --- | -3% | 82% | 0-4 | STL | E. Brinkman | K. Brett | Single to LF | ||
| b3 | 0 | 1-- | O | 3% | 85% | 0-4 | STL | J. Denny | K. Brett | Flyball: LF | |
| b3 | 1 | 1-- | -3% | 81% | 0-4 | STL | L. Brock | K. Brett | Single to CF; Brinkman to 2B | ||
| b3 | 1 | 12- | O | 4% | 85% | 0-4 | STL | T. Sizemore | K. Brett | Foul Flyball: 1B | |
| b3 | 2 | 12- | O | 3% | 89% | 0-4 | STL | B. McBride | K. Brett | Flyball: RF | |
| 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 4th, Pirates Batting, Ahead 4-0, Cardinals' John Denny facing 7-8-9 | |||||||||||
| t4 | 0 | --- | O | -1% | 88% | 4-0 | PIT | M. Sanguillen | J. Denny | Groundout: 3B-1B | |
| t4 | 1 | --- | O | -1% | 87% | 4-0 | PIT | F. Taveras | J. Denny | Groundout: 3B-1B | |
| t4 | 2 | --- | O | -0% | 87% | 4-0 | PIT | K. Brett | J. Denny | Groundout: P unassisted | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 4th, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-4, Pirates' Ken Brett facing 4-5-6 | |||||||||||
| b4 | 0 | --- | O | 2% | 89% | 0-4 | STL | R. Smith | K. Brett | Groundout: P-1B | |
| b4 | 1 | --- | O | 1% | 90% | 0-4 | STL | T. Simmons | K. Brett | Flyball: LF | |
| b4 | 2 | --- | O | 1% | 91% | 0-4 | STL | K. Reitz | K. Brett | Groundout: SS-1B | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 5th, Pirates Batting, Ahead 4-0, Cardinals' John Denny facing 1-2-3 | |||||||||||
| t5 | 0 | --- | O | -1% | 90% | 4-0 | PIT | R. Stennett | J. Denny | Flyball: CF | |
| t5 | 1 | --- | 1% | 91% | 4-0 | PIT | R. Hebner | J. Denny | Single to RF | ||
| t5 | 1 | 1-- | O | -1% | 90% | 4-0 | PIT | A. Oliver | J. Denny | Groundout: 1B unassisted; Hebner to 2B | |
| t5 | 2 | -2- | 0% | 90% | 4-0 | PIT | W. Stargell | J. Denny | Intentional Walk | ||
| t5 | 2 | 12- | O | -1% | 89% | 4-0 | PIT | R. Zisk | J. Denny | Flyball: RF | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 5th, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-4, Pirates' Ken Brett facing 7-8-9 | |||||||||||
| b5 | 0 | --- | -3% | 86% | 0-4 | STL | K. Hernandez | K. Brett | Single to 2B | ||
| b5 | 0 | 1-- | O | 2% | 88% | 0-4 | STL | E. Brinkman | K. Brett | Groundout: 1B unassisted; Hernandez to 2B | |
| Luis Melendez pinch hits for John Denny (P) batting 9th | |||||||||||
| b5 | 1 | -2- | O | 3% | 90% | 0-4 | STL | L. Melendez | K. Brett | Flyball: CF | |
| b5 | 2 | -2- | -0% | 90% | 0-4 | STL | L. Brock | K. Brett | Wild Pitch; Hernandez to 3B | ||
| b5 | 2 | --3 | O | 2% | 92% | 0-4 | STL | L. Brock | K. Brett | Groundout: 2B-1B | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 6th, Pirates Batting, Ahead 4-0, Cardinals' Mike Garman facing 6-7-8 | |||||||||||
| Mike Garman replaces Luis Melendez (PH) pitching and batting 9th | |||||||||||
| t6 | 0 | --- | O | -1% | 92% | 4-0 | PIT | D. Parker | M. Garman | Groundout: SS-1B | |
| t6 | 1 | --- | O | -0% | 91% | 4-0 | PIT | M. Sanguillen | M. Garman | Groundout: 2B-1B | |
| t6 | 2 | --- | O | -0% | 91% | 4-0 | PIT | F. Taveras | M. Garman | Flyball: CF | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 6th, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-4, Pirates' Ken Brett facing 2-3-4 | |||||||||||
| b6 | 0 | --- | -3% | 88% | 0-4 | STL | T. Sizemore | K. Brett | Walk | ||
| b6 | 0 | 1-- | OO | 6% | 94% | 0-4 | STL | B. McBride | K. Brett | Ground Ball Double Play: 1B-SS | |
| b6 | 2 | --- | -1% | 93% | 0-4 | STL | R. Smith | K. Brett | Single to LF | ||
| b6 | 2 | 1-- | O | 2% | 95% | 0-4 | STL | T. Simmons | K. Brett | Foul Flyball: C | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Pirates 4, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 7th, Pirates Batting, Ahead 4-0, Cardinals' Mike Garman facing 9-1-2 | |||||||||||
| t7 | 0 | --- | R | 2% | 97% | 4-0 | PIT | K. Brett | M. Garman | Home Run | |
| t7 | 0 | --- | O | -0% | 97% | 5-0 | PIT | R. Stennett | M. Garman | Groundout: 2B-1B | |
| t7 | 1 | --- | O | -0% | 97% | 5-0 | PIT | R. Hebner | M. Garman | Strikeout Looking | |
| t7 | 2 | --- | O | -0% | 97% | 5-0 | PIT | A. Oliver | M. Garman | Flyball: LF | |
| 1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 5, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 7th, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-5, Pirates' Dave Giusti facing 6-7-8 | |||||||||||
| Dave Giusti replaces Ken Brett pitching and batting 9th | |||||||||||
| b7 | 0 | --- | -2% | 94% | 0-5 | STL | K. Reitz | D. Giusti | Double to LF | ||
| b7 | 0 | -2- | O | 2% | 96% | 0-5 | STL | K. Hernandez | D. Giusti | Strikeout | |
| b7 | 1 | -2- | O | 1% | 97% | 0-5 | STL | E. Brinkman | D. Giusti | Groundout: SS-1B; Reitz to 3B | |
| Ron Fairly pinch hits for Mike Garman (P) batting 9th | |||||||||||
| b7 | 2 | --3 | O | 1% | 99% | 0-5 | STL | R. Fairly | D. Giusti | Groundout: P-SS-1B | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Pirates 5, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 8th, Pirates Batting, Ahead 5-0, Cardinals' Al Hrabosky facing 4-5-6 | |||||||||||
| Al Hrabosky replaces Ron Fairly (PH) pitching and batting 9th | |||||||||||
| t8 | 0 | --- | O | -0% | 98% | 5-0 | PIT | W. Stargell | A. Hrabosky | Flyball: RF | |
| t8 | 1 | --- | O | -0% | 98% | 5-0 | PIT | R. Zisk | A. Hrabosky | Groundout: SS-1B | |
| t8 | 2 | --- | O | -0% | 98% | 5-0 | PIT | D. Parker | A. Hrabosky | Flyball: LF | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 5, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 8th, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-5, Pirates' Dave Giusti facing 1-2-3 | |||||||||||
| b8 | 0 | --- | -1% | 97% | 0-5 | STL | L. Brock | D. Giusti | Single to RF | ||
| b8 | 0 | 1-- | O | 1% | 98% | 0-5 | STL | T. Sizemore | D. Giusti | Groundout: 1B unassisted; Brock to 2B | |
| b8 | 1 | -2- | O | 1% | 99% | 0-5 | STL | B. McBride | D. Giusti | Groundout: SS-1B | |
| b8 | 2 | -2- | O | 0% | 99% | 0-5 | STL | R. Smith | D. Giusti | Flyball: RF | |
| 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Pirates 5, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Top of the 9th, Pirates Batting, Ahead 5-0, Cardinals' Al Hrabosky facing 7-8-9 | |||||||||||
| t9 | 0 | --- | O | 0% | 99% | 5-0 | PIT | M. Sanguillen | A. Hrabosky | Flyball: 2B | |
| t9 | 1 | --- | O | -0% | 99% | 5-0 | PIT | F. Taveras | A. Hrabosky | Strikeout | |
| t9 | 2 | --- | O | 0% | 99% | 5-0 | PIT | D. Giusti | A. Hrabosky | Strikeout | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 5, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
| Bottom of the 9th, Cardinals Batting, Behind 0-5, Pirates' Dave Giusti facing 5-6-7 | |||||||||||
| b9 | 0 | --- | O | 0% | 100% | 0-5 | STL | T. Simmons | D. Giusti | Strikeout Looking | |
| b9 | 1 | --- | O | 0% | 100% | 0-5 | STL | K. Reitz | D. Giusti | Groundout: SS-1B | |
| b9 | 2 | --- | O | 0% | 100% | 0-5 | STL | K. Hernandez | D. Giusti | Groundout: 1B unassisted | |
| 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Pirates 5, Cardinals 0. | |||||||||||
Retrosheet.org Boxscore:SLN197504200
Play-by-Play Explanation
- RoB- This gives the baserunner (Runners on Base) configuration at the start of the play. "1-3" would mean runners on first and third. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
- R/O- This has a "O" for every out on the play and an "R" for every run that scored on the play. Some plays will have both in no particular order.
- Pit- When available, the number of pitches in this plate appearance. Clicking on this number will show the sequence of pitches thrown including, when available, things like runner going, ball blocked, attempted pickoffs and the like. We believe this data to be as accurate as humanly possible, but there are going to be some errors in the data, so please take it with a grain of salt. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
- wWPA- Winning Team's Win Probability Added. The amount that this play increased or decreased the eventual winning team's probability of winning the game. More About Win Probability Added
- wWE- Winning Team's Win Expectancy. The probability of the eventual winning team winning the game prior to this play given two average teams playing each other. More About Win Probability Added
- Score- The score from the perspective of the batting team.
- Batter- The batter at the plate when this play occurred. If the play is a baserunning event, then the batter's name will be repeated as indicated by quotes.
- Pitcher- The pitcher on the mound when this play occurred.
- Play Detail- This is an explanation of the play that occurred. In some cases, batted ball location and type will be indicated within parentheses. Again, these are best efforts to the record the game as it happened. Also, plays made on the baserunners (including the batter as a baserunner) will be indicated in parentheses after the baserunner's name. Advancement of baserunners is given in cases where the advancement is not easily deduced or obvious from the play. For example, advancement for a walk will not be given, but for a single or double it will be given.
Please report any issues or strangeness you see with the description of plays given above. We have tested several hundred different types of plays, but, in all likelihood, there are still some errors or misinterpretations of the play-by-play data.
The play-by-play information both shown and used to create certain
data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.
In some cases, the results from play-by-play data will contradict results in the official record. The official record has many, many errors, but we have not undertaken to reconcile those errors. Pitch-by-pitch data should not be taken as completely accurate, though we believe it to be as accurate as is currently possible.
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