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BAL 11
BOS  6

CHW 15
SEA  3

CLE  8
KCR  5

MIN  3
OAK  1
LAA  5
@TBR  4

TEX  9
DET  1

NYY  5
@TOR  1

ARI  8
SDP  6

CIN  2
@CHC  1

COL  4
@LAD  3

MIL  5
HOU  2

NYM  6
ATL  3

PHI  4
WSN  0

SFG  6
FLA  5

STL 11
PIT  2

Standings at end of play this day

Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Attendance: 30,888

Wednesday, August 20, 2008, 12:09PM
Time of Game: 2:56
Athletics
1
57-69
Lost 2
3rd, 20½ GB
                1  2  3   4  5  6   7  8  9    R  H  E
                -  -  -   -  -  -   -  -  -    -  -  -
Athletics       1  0  0   0  0  0   0  0  0    1  5  0
Twins           1  0  1   0  0  1   0  0  X    3  6  2
W: Francisco Liriano (4-3), L: Dallas Braden (3-3), S: Joe Nathan (34)
Twins
3
72-54
Won 2
2nd, ½ GB

Batting Stats

Oakland Athletics            AB   R   H RBI   BB  SO    BA   OPS  Pit  Str   PO   A  Details
M Ellis 2B                    4   1   1   0    1   2  .236  .700   26   18    1   3   2B
K Suzuki C                    5   0   0   0    0   1  .287  .740   24   14   10   1   
E Brown LF                    3   0   2   0    1   0  .254  .697    9    4    0   1   
F Thomas DH                   4   0   0   0    0   2  .233  .721   17   12    0   0   
J Cust RF                     3   0   1   1    1   2  .232  .816   19   10    1   0   
B Crosby SS                   4   0   0   0    0   0  .246  .671   19   11    1   1   
R Davis CF                    3   0   0   0    0   0  .214  .523   10    8    3   0   SB
  C Gonzalez PH-CF            1   0   0   0    0   1  .253  .673    3    3    1   0   
D Barton 1B                   3   0   0   0    1   0  .205  .601   23   10    5   2   
C Pennington 3B               4   0   1   0    0   1  .154  .445   19   14    0   0   SB

D Braden P                                                                    2   2
  H Street P                                                                  0   0
  A Embree P                                                                  0   0
Totals                       34   1   5   0    4   9              169  104   24  10
Batting Events
2B: M Ellis (20, off F Liriano).
TB: M Ellis 2; E Brown 2; J Cust; C Pennington.
RBI: J Cust (55).
2-out RBI: J Cust.
Team LOB: 10.
With RISP: 1 for 8.
Fielding Events
DP: 1. B Crosby-M Ellis-D Barton.
Baserunning Events
SB: R Davis (20, 2nd base off B Bonser/M Redmond); C Pennington (1, 2nd base off F Liriano/M Redmond).
Minnesota Twins              AB   R   H RBI   BB  SO    BA   OPS  Pit  Str   PO   A  Details
D Span RF                     2   1   0   0    1   2  .314  .852   25   16    4   0   HBP
N Punto 2B                    4   1   2   0    0   1  .280  .742   12    8    2   2   SB
M Redmond C                   4   0   2   2    0   0  .286  .649   20   12   10   0   
J Morneau 1B                  3   0   1   1    1   0  .309  .903   16   11    6   0   
D Young LF                    4   0   0   0    0   1  .286  .727   14   10    1   0   GDP
R Ruiz DH                     2   0   0   0    1   1  .355  .831   13    6    0   0   IW
B Buscher 3B                  3   0   0   0    0   2  .308  .760   12    8    0   0   
B Harris SS                   3   0   0   0    0   2  .265  .716   13    8    1   3   
C Gomez CF                    3   1   1   0    0   1  .251  .629    9    8    3   0   

F Liriano P                                                                   0   0
  B Bonser P                                                                  0   0
  D Reyes P                                                                   0   0
  J Crain P                                                                   0   0
  J Nathan P                                                                  0   0
Totals                       28   3   6   0    3  10              134   87   27   5
Batting Events
IBB: R Ruiz (1, by D Braden).
HBP: D Span (1, by D Braden).
TB: M Redmond 2; N Punto 2; C Gomez; J Morneau.
GIDP: D Young (16).
RBI: M Redmond 2 (8); J Morneau (98).
Team LOB: 5.
With RISP: 3 for 9.
Fielding Events
E: B Buscher (7); N Punto (6).
Baserunning Events
SB: N Punto (8, 2nd base off D Braden/K Suzuki).

Pitching Stats

Oakland Athletics             IP     H   R  ER   BB  SO  HR    ERA   BF  Pit-Str  Ct·Sw·Lk   GB·FB·LD· ?   GmSc  IR-IS   LevI    WPA
D Braden, L (3-3)              5.2   6   3   3    3   7   0   4.53   25  102-67   38·16·13    9· 5· 0· 0     49    -     1.08  -0.10
H Street                       1.1   0   0   0    0   2   0   4.42    4   14-9     2· 4· 3    1· 1· 0· 0          3-0    0.68   0.06
A Embree                       1     0   0   0    0   1   0   4.91    3   16-10    5· 4· 1    0· 2· 0· 0          0-0    0.21   0.01
Totals                         8     6   3   3    3  10   0          32  132-86   45·24·17   10· 8· 0· 0          3-0 
Minnesota Twins               IP     H   R  ER   BB  SO  HR    ERA   BF  Pit-Str  Ct·Sw·Lk   GB·FB·LD· ?   GmSc  IR-IS   LevI    WPA
F Liriano, W (4-3)             5     5   1   0    3   5   0   4.24   24  107-64   37·12·15    7· 9· 2· 0     57    -     1.27   0.18
B Bonser, H (1)                2     0   0   0    0   2   0   6.29    7   21-16   11· 2· 3    2· 3· 0· 0          0-0    1.58   0.15
D Reyes                        0     0   0   0    1   0   0   2.31    1    4-0      · 0· 0    0· 0· 0· 0          0-0    1.51  -0.07
J Crain, H (17)                1     0   0   0    0   1   0   3.53    3   11-8     2· 2· 4    0· 2· 0· 0          1-0    1.97   0.14
J Nathan, S (34)               1     0   0   0    0   1   0   1.00    3   21-14    8· 2· 4    1· 1· 0· 0          0-0    1.04   0.07
Totals                         9     5   1   0    4   9   0          38  164-102  58·18·26   10·15· 2· 0          1-0 
D Reyes faced 1 batter in the 8th inning.
Balks: None.
WP: None.
HBP: D Braden (2; D Span).
IBB: D Braden (2; R Ruiz).
Pickoffs: None.

Other Info

Umpires: HP - Brian Knight, 1B - Rob Drake, 2B - Phil Cuzzi, 3B - Jerry Layne.
Time of Game: 2:56.
Attendance: 30,888.
Field Condition: Unknown.
Start Time Weather: 68° F, Wind 0mph.

Lineups

   Oakland Athletics                         Minnesota Twins                              
1. Mark Ellis                   2B       1. Denard Span                  RF
2. Kurt Suzuki                   C       2. Nick Punto                   2B
3. Emil Brown                   LF       3. Mike Redmond                  C
4. Frank Thomas                 DH       4. Justin Morneau               1B
5. Jack Cust                    RF       5. Delmon Young                 LF
6. Bobby Crosby                 SS       6. Randy Ruiz                   DH
7. Rajai Davis                  CF       7. Brian Buscher                3B
8. Daric Barton                 1B       8. Brendan Harris               SS
9. Cliff Pennington             3B       9. Carlos Gomez                 CF

   Dallas Braden                 P          Francisco Liriano             P

Top 5 Plays

Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Out RoB R/O Pit(cnt) wWPA wWE Score @Bat Batter Pitcher Play Description
b1 1 1-3 OO 2,(1-0)  -11% 50% 1-1 MIN D. Young D. Braden Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B (Weak SS)
t1 2 12- R 3,(1-1)  -10% 41% 0-0 OAK J. Cust F. Liriano Single to 2B (Ground Ball to SS-2B); Ellis Scores/unER; Brown to 2B
b1 1 -23 R 2,(0-1)  8% 61% 0-1 MIN J. Morneau D. Braden Single to CF (Fly Ball); Span Scores; Punto to 3B
t6 0 -2- O 4,(2-1)  7% 63% 1-2 OAK D. Barton B. Bonser Popfly: 2B (Deep SS-2B)
b6 0 -2- R 4,(1-2)  7% 87% 2-1 MIN M. Redmond D. Braden Single to CF (Ground Ball thru SS-2B); Punto Scores

Play By Play

Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · Box Score Explanation · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Out RoB R/O Pit(cnt) wWPA wWE Score @Bat Batter Pitcher Play Description
Top of the 1st, Athletics Batting, Tied 0-0, Twins' Francisco Liriano facing 1-2-3
t1 0 --- 5,(1-2)  -3% 47% 0-0 OAK M. Ellis F. Liriano Reached on E4 (Ground Ball)
t1 0 1-- O 4,(1-2)  3% 50% 0-0 OAK K. Suzuki F. Liriano Flyball: LF
t1 1 1-- 1,(0-0)  -4% 46% 0-0 OAK E. Brown F. Liriano Single to RF (Fly Ball to Short RF); Ellis to 2B
t1 1 12- O 7,(2-2)  4% 51% 0-0 OAK F. Thomas F. Liriano Flyball: CF (Deep LF-CF)
t1 2 12- R 3,(1-1)  -10% 41% 0-0 OAK J. Cust F. Liriano Single to 2B (Ground Ball to SS-2B); Ellis Scores/unER; Brown to 2B
t1 2 12- O 6,(3-2)  4% 44% 1-0 OAK B. Crosby F. Liriano Flyball: RF (Short CF-RF)
1 run, 2 hits, 1 error, 2 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 0.
Bottom of the 1st, Twins Batting, Behind 0-1, Athletics' Dallas Braden facing 1-2-3
b1 0 --- 7,(3-2)  4% 48% 0-1 MIN D. Span D. Braden Walk
b1 0 1-- 1,(0-0)  6% 54% 0-1 MIN N. Punto D. Braden Single to 1B/Bunt (Bunt to P's Left); Span to 2B
b1 0 12- O 3,(2-0)  -1% 54% 0-1 MIN M. Redmond D. Braden Groundout: 1B unassisted (Weak 2B); Span to 3B; Punto to 2B
b1 1 -23 R 2,(0-1)  8% 61% 0-1 MIN J. Morneau D. Braden Single to CF (Fly Ball); Span Scores; Punto to 3B
b1 1 1-3 OO 2,(1-0)  -11% 50% 1-1 MIN D. Young D. Braden Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B (Weak SS)
1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 1.
Top of the 2nd, Athletics Batting, Tied 1-1, Twins' Francisco Liriano facing 7-8-9
t2 0 --- O 6,(1-2)  2% 52% 1-1 OAK R. Davis F. Liriano Foul Popfly: C (Behind Home)
t2 1 --- 6,(3-2)  -3% 50% 1-1 OAK D. Barton F. Liriano Walk
t2 1 1-- O 4,(1-2)  3% 53% 1-1 OAK C. Pennington F. Liriano Strikeout Swinging
t2 2 1-- 2,(0-1)  -4% 49% 1-1 OAK M. Ellis F. Liriano Double to LF (Line Drive to Deep LF Line); Barton to 3B
t2 2 -23 O 4,(2-1)  6% 55% 1-1 OAK K. Suzuki F. Liriano Lineout: SS (Weak 3B)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 1.
Bottom of the 2nd, Twins Batting, Tied 1-1, Athletics' Dallas Braden facing 6-7-8
b2 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  -2% 53% 1-1 MIN R. Ruiz D. Braden Flyball: CF (Deep CF)
b2 1 --- O 4,(1-2)  -2% 51% 1-1 MIN B. Buscher D. Braden Strikeout Swinging
b2 2 --- O 3,(0-2)  -1% 50% 1-1 MIN B. Harris D. Braden Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 1.
Top of the 3rd, Athletics Batting, Tied 1-1, Twins' Francisco Liriano facing 3-4-5
t3 0 --- 2,(1-0)  -4% 46% 1-1 OAK E. Brown F. Liriano Single to LF (Ground Ball thru Weak 3B)
t3 0 1-- O 4,(1-2)  4% 50% 1-1 OAK F. Thomas F. Liriano Strikeout Swinging
t3 1 1-- O 6,(2-2)  3% 53% 1-1 OAK J. Cust F. Liriano Strikeout Swinging
t3 2 1-- O 6,(3-2)  3% 56% 1-1 OAK B. Crosby F. Liriano Groundout: SS-1B (Weak SS)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 1.
Bottom of the 3rd, Twins Batting, Tied 1-1, Athletics' Dallas Braden facing 9-1-2
b3 0 --- 3,(0-2)  4% 60% 1-1 MIN C. Gomez D. Braden Single to 3B/Bunt (Bunt to Weak 3B)
b3 0 1-- 6,(1-2)  6% 65% 1-1 MIN D. Span D. Braden Hit By Pitch; Gomez to 2B
b3 0 12- O 3,(0-2)  -6% 60% 1-1 MIN N. Punto D. Braden Strikeout Swinging
b3 1 12- RO 5,(1-2)  5% 65% 1-1 MIN M. Redmond D. Braden Single to LF (Fly Ball to Short LF); Gomez Scores; Span out at 3B/LF-C-SS
b3 2 1-- O 4,(1-2)  -2% 63% 2-1 MIN J. Morneau D. Braden Flyball: CF
1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 2.
Top of the 4th, Athletics Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Francisco Liriano facing 7-8-9
t4 0 --- O 2,(1-0)  3% 65% 1-2 OAK R. Davis F. Liriano Flyball: RF (Short RF)
t4 1 --- O 4,(2-1)  2% 68% 1-2 OAK D. Barton F. Liriano Groundout: 2B-1B (2B-1B)
t4 2 --- 2,(1-0)  -2% 66% 1-2 OAK C. Pennington F. Liriano Single to LF (Ground Ball thru Weak 3B)
t4 2 1-- 2,(1-0)  -1% 65% 1-2 OAK M. Ellis F. Liriano Pennington Steals 2B
t4 2 -2- 8,(3-2)  -1% 63% 1-2 OAK M. Ellis F. Liriano Walk
t4 2 12- O 5,(3-1)  6% 69% 1-2 OAK K. Suzuki F. Liriano Groundout: SS-2B/Forceout at 2B (Weak SS)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 2.
Bottom of the 4th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Athletics' Dallas Braden facing 5-6-7
b4 0 --- O 4,(0-2)  -2% 67% 2-1 MIN D. Young D. Braden Groundout: P-1B
b4 1 --- O 5,(2-2)  -1% 65% 2-1 MIN R. Ruiz D. Braden Strikeout Swinging
b4 2 --- O 5,(3-1)  -1% 64% 2-1 MIN B. Buscher D. Braden Groundout: 1B-P (2B-1B)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 2.
Top of the 5th, Athletics Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Francisco Liriano facing 3-4-5
t5 0 --- 5,(3-1)  -5% 59% 1-2 OAK E. Brown F. Liriano Walk
t5 0 1-- O 4,(1-2)  5% 64% 1-2 OAK F. Thomas F. Liriano Strikeout Swinging
t5 1 1-- O 6,(2-2)  4% 68% 1-2 OAK J. Cust F. Liriano Strikeout Swinging
t5 2 1-- O 5,(2-2)  3% 71% 1-2 OAK B. Crosby F. Liriano Flyball: RF (Deep CF-RF)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 2.
Bottom of the 5th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Athletics' Dallas Braden facing 8-9-1
b5 0 --- O 5,(3-1)  -2% 69% 2-1 MIN B. Harris D. Braden Groundout: P-2B-1B
b5 1 --- O 5,(1-2)  -2% 67% 2-1 MIN C. Gomez D. Braden Strikeout Swinging
b5 2 --- O 8,(2-2)  -1% 66% 2-1 MIN D. Span D. Braden Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 2.
Top of the 6th, Athletics Batting, Behind 1-2, Twins' Boof Bonser facing 7-8-9
Boof Bonser replaces Francisco Liriano pitching
t6 0 --- 2,(0-1)  -6% 60% 1-2 OAK R. Davis B. Bonser Reached on E5 (throw) (Ground Ball to Weak 3B)
t6 0 1-- 3,(1-1)  -4% 56% 1-2 OAK D. Barton B. Bonser Davis Steals 2B
t6 0 -2- O 4,(2-1)  7% 63% 1-2 OAK D. Barton B. Bonser Popfly: 2B (Deep SS-2B)
t6 1 -2- O 5,(1-2)  5% 68% 1-2 OAK C. Pennington B. Bonser Groundout: SS-1B (SS-2B); Davis to 3B
t6 2 --3 O 3,(0-2)  6% 74% 1-2 OAK M. Ellis B. Bonser Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 0 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 2.
Bottom of the 6th, Twins Batting, Ahead 2-1, Athletics' Dallas Braden facing 2-3-4
b6 0 --- 4,(2-1)  3% 77% 2-1 MIN N. Punto D. Braden Single to CF (Fly Ball to CF-RF)
b6 0 1-- 2,(1-0)  3% 80% 2-1 MIN M. Redmond D. Braden Punto Steals 2B
b6 0 -2- R 4,(1-2)  7% 87% 2-1 MIN M. Redmond D. Braden Single to CF (Ground Ball thru SS-2B); Punto Scores
b6 0 1-- 6,(3-2)  3% 90% 3-1 MIN J. Morneau D. Braden Walk; Redmond to 2B
b6 0 12- O 2,(0-1)  0% 90% 3-1 MIN D. Young D. Braden Groundout: 1B-P (Weak 2B); Redmond to 3B; Morneau to 2B
b6 1 -23 4,(3-0)  0% 90% 3-1 MIN R. Ruiz D. Braden Intentional Walk
b6 1 123 O 3,(0-2)  -4% 86% 3-1 MIN B. Buscher D. Braden Strikeout Swinging
Huston Street replaces Dallas Braden pitching
b6 2 123 O 5,(2-2)  -4% 82% 3-1 MIN B. Harris H. Street Strikeout Swinging
1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 3 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 3.
Top of the 7th, Athletics Batting, Behind 1-3, Twins' Boof Bonser facing 2-3-4
t7 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  3% 85% 1-3 OAK K. Suzuki B. Bonser Strikeout Swinging
t7 1 --- O 1,(0-0)  2% 88% 1-3 OAK E. Brown B. Bonser Popfly: 1B (Short 1B Line)
t7 2 --- O 2,(1-0)  1% 89% 1-3 OAK F. Thomas B. Bonser Foul Popfly: 1B (1B Foul)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 3.
Bottom of the 7th, Twins Batting, Ahead 3-1, Athletics' Huston Street facing 9-1-2
b7 0 --- O 1,(0-0)  -1% 88% 3-1 MIN C. Gomez H. Street Flyball: CF (Deep CF)
b7 1 --- O 4,(1-2)  -1% 87% 3-1 MIN D. Span H. Street Strikeout Swinging
b7 2 --- O 4,(2-1)  -1% 87% 3-1 MIN N. Punto H. Street Groundout: 2B-1B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 3.
Top of the 8th, Athletics Batting, Behind 1-3, Twins' Dennys Reyes facing 5-6-7
Dennys Reyes replaces Boof Bonser pitching
t8 0 --- 4,(3-0)  -7% 80% 1-3 OAK J. Cust D. Reyes Walk
Jesse Crain replaces Dennys Reyes pitching
t8 0 1-- O 2,(0-1)  6% 86% 1-3 OAK B. Crosby J. Crain Flyball: CF
Carlos Gonzalez pinch hits for Rajai Davis (CF) batting 7th
t8 1 1-- O 3,(0-2)  5% 91% 1-3 OAK C. Gonzalez J. Crain Strikeout Swinging
t8 2 1-- O 6,(3-2)  3% 94% 1-3 OAK D. Barton J. Crain Flyball: RF (CF-RF)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 3.
Bottom of the 8th, Twins Batting, Ahead 3-1, Athletics' Alan Embree facing 3-4-5
Alan Embree replaces Huston Street pitching; Carlos Gonzalez moves from PH to CF
b8 0 --- O 6,(3-2)  -1% 94% 3-1 MIN M. Redmond A. Embree Foul Flyball: RF (RF Foul)
b8 1 --- O 4,(0-2)  -0% 93% 3-1 MIN J. Morneau A. Embree Flyball: CF (Deep CF)
b8 2 --- O 6,(3-2)  -0% 93% 3-1 MIN D. Young A. Embree Strikeout Swinging
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 3.
Top of the 9th, Athletics Batting, Behind 1-3, Twins' Joe Nathan facing 9-1-2
Joe Nathan replaces Jesse Crain pitching
t9 0 --- O 8,(2-2)  4% 96% 1-3 OAK C. Pennington J. Nathan Groundout: 2B-1B
t9 1 --- O 6,(2-2)  2% 99% 1-3 OAK M. Ellis J. Nathan Strikeout Swinging
t9 2 --- O 7,(3-2)  1% 100% 1-3 OAK K. Suzuki J. Nathan Flyball: CF (Deep CF)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 1, Twins 3.

Retrosheet.org Boxscore:MIN200808200

Play-by-Play Explanation

  • RoB- This gives the baserunner (Runners on Base) configuration at the start of the play. "1-3" would mean runners on first and third. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • R/O- This has a "O" for every out on the play and an "R" for every run that scored on the play. Some plays will have both in no particular order.
  • Pit- When available, the number of pitches in this plate appearance. Clicking on this number will show the sequence of pitches thrown including, when available, things like runner going, ball blocked, attempted pickoffs and the like. We believe this data to be as accurate as humanly possible, but there are going to be some errors in the data, so please take it with a grain of salt. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • wWPA- Winning Team's Win Probability Added. The amount that this play increased or decreased the eventual winning team's probability of winning the game. More About Win Probability Added
  • wWE- Winning Team's Win Expectancy. The probability of the eventual winning team winning the game prior to this play given two average teams playing each other. More About Win Probability Added
  • Score- The score from the perspective of the batting team.
  • Batter- The batter at the plate when this play occurred. If the play is a baserunning event, then the batter's name will be repeated as indicated by quotes.
  • Pitcher- The pitcher on the mound when this play occurred.
  • Play Detail- This is an explanation of the play that occurred. In some cases, batted ball location and type will be indicated within parentheses. Again, these are best efforts to the record the game as it happened. Also, plays made on the baserunners (including the batter as a baserunner) will be indicated in parentheses after the baserunner's name. Advancement of baserunners is given in cases where the advancement is not easily deduced or obvious from the play. For example, advancement for a walk will not be given, but for a single or double it will be given.

Please report any issues or strangeness you see with the description of plays given above. We have tested several hundred different types of plays, but, in all likelihood, there are still some errors or misinterpretations of the play-by-play data.

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In some cases, the results from play-by-play data will contradict results in the official record. The official record has many, many errors, but we have not undertaken to reconcile those errors. Pitch-by-pitch data should not be taken as completely accurate, though we believe it to be as accurate as is currently possible.

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