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OAK  5
@KCR  1
NYY  7
DET  4

(10)
CAL  4
@TEX  3

NYM 13
@CHC  6

HOU  2
@LAD  1

MON  5
@PIT  4

CIN  2
@SDP  1

SFG  3
ATL  2

STL  1
PHI  0

Standings at end of play this day

Kauffman Stadium, Attendance: 29,167

Thursday, September 8, 1988, 7:35
Time of Game: 2:32
Athletics
5
89-52
Won 2
1st
                1  2  3   4  5  6   7  8  9    R  H  E
                -  -  -   -  -  -   -  -  -    -  -  -
Athletics       0  0  3   0  0  2   0  0  0    5 10  1
Royals          0  0  0   0  0  0   0  1  0    1  6  0
W: Curt Young (9-8), L: Bret Saberhagen (13-14), S: Dennis Eckersley (39)
Royals
1
74-66
Lost 1
3rd, 14½ GB

Batting Stats

Oakland Athletics            AB   R   H RBI   BB  SO    BA   OPS  Pit  Str   PO   A  Details
L Polonia LF                  4   1   1   1    0   0  .285  .699   11    9    1   0   3B
  D Henderson PH-CF           1   0   0   0    0   0  .305  .912    3    2    0   0   
S Javier CF-LF                4   1   1   1    1   0  .269  .655   20   11    4   0   
J Canseco RF                  4   0   2   0    0   1  .305  .947    9    6    0   0   
D Parker DH                   4   0   0   0    0   0  .255  .722   11    6    0   0   
M McGwire 1B                  4   0   1   1    0   1  .252  .809   16    9    9   2   
C Lansford 3B                 4   1   1   0    0   0  .291  .715   20   13    0   0   GDP
T Steinbach C                 4   1   1   1    0   2  .256  .700   12    8    8   0   2B
G Hubbard 2B                  4   0   1   0    0   0  .254  .667    9    7    2   4   
W Weiss SS                    2   1   2   1    1   0  .245  .622   17    9    2   6   SF

C Young P                                                                     0   1
  G Cadaret P                                                                 0   0
  D Eckersley P                                                               1   0
Totals                       35   5  10   0    2   4              128   80   27  13
Batting Events
2B: T Steinbach (17, off B Saberhagen).
3B: L Polonia (3, off B Saberhagen).
SF: W Weiss (6, off B Saberhagen).
TB: L Polonia 3; J Canseco 2; T Steinbach 2; W Weiss 2; G Hubbard; M McGwire; S Javier; C Lansford.
GIDP: C Lansford (16).
RBI: W Weiss (31); S Javier (32); L Polonia (21); T Steinbach (41); M McGwire (90).
Team LOB: 6.
With RISP: 3 for 7.
Fielding Events
DP: 1. W Weiss-G Hubbard-M McGwire.
E: T Steinbach (8).
Kansas City Royals           AB   R   H RBI   BB  SO    BA   OPS  Pit  Str   PO   A  Details
W Wilson CF                   4   0   0   0    0   3  .273  .638   14   10    7   0   
K Seitzer 3B                  4   0   2   0    0   1  .303  .786   20   12    1   1   CS
G Brett 1B                    4   0   0   0    0   0  .315  .929   18   10    3   0   
P Tabler LF                   4   0   1   0    0   1  .277  .700   12    8    2   0   
D Tartabull DH                3   1   1   1    0   1  .268  .870   19   13    0   0   HR
F White 2B                    3   0   0   0    0   0  .246  .628   10    7    4   2   GDP
B Jackson RF                  3   0   1   0    0   0  .251  .768    8    7    2   0   
B Pecota SS                   2   0   0   0    0   1  .214  .553    9    7    3   1   
  L de los Santos PH          1   0   0   0    0   0  .000  .200    2    2    0   0   
  B Wellman SS                0   0   0   0    0   0  .247  .546              0   0   
L Owen C                      1   0   0   0    0   0  .207  .499    1    1    2   0   
  R Palacios PH-C             2   0   1   0    0   1  .500 1.000   10    6    3   0   

B Saberhagen P                                                                0   0
  T Gordon P                                                                  0   1
  M Lee P                                                                     0   0
Totals                       31   1   6   0    0   8              123   83   27   5
Batting Events
HR: D Tartabull (21, off C Young; 8th inn, 0 on, 1 out to Deep LF-CF).
TB: D Tartabull 4; K Seitzer 2; B Jackson; P Tabler; R Palacios.
GIDP: F White (14).
RBI: D Tartabull (83).
Team LOB: 3.
With RISP: 0 for 2.
Fielding Events
DP: 1. B Pecota-F White-G Brett.
Baserunning Events
CS: K Seitzer (8, 2nd base by C Young/T Steinbach).

Pitching Stats

Oakland Athletics             IP     H   R  ER   BB  SO  HR    ERA   BF  Pit-Str  Ct·Sw·Lk   GB·FB·LD· ?   GmSc  IR-IS   LevI    WPA
C Young, W (9-8)               8     4   1   1    0   7   1   4.58   26  103-71   44·12·15   12· 7· 0· 0     77    -     0.61   0.30
G Cadaret                      0.2   2   0   0    0   1   0   2.37    4   12-8     3· 2· 3    2· 1· 0· 0          0-0    0.86   0.00
D Eckersley, S (39)            0.1   0   0   0    0   0   0   2.66    1    4-2     1· 1· 0    1· 0· 0· 0          2-0    0.58   0.01
Totals                         9     6   1   1    0   8   1          31  119-81   48·15·18   15· 8· 0· 0          2-0 
Kansas City Royals            IP     H   R  ER   BB  SO  HR    ERA   BF  Pit-Str  Ct·Sw·Lk   GB·FB·LD· ?   GmSc  IR-IS   LevI    WPA
B Saberhagen, L (13-14)        6     9   5   5    2   2   0   3.91   28   90-57   46· 4· 7    4·20· 9· 0     34    -     0.81  -0.20
T Gordon                       2     0   0   0    0   2   0   0.00    6   24-14    4· 5· 5    1· 3· 0· 0          0-0    0.08   0.01
M Lee                          1     1   0   0    0   0   0   0.00    4   13-9     8· 0· 1    1· 3· 1· 0          0-0    0.07   0.00
Totals                         9    10   5   5    2   4   0          38  127-80   58· 9·13    6·26·10· 0           -  
Balks: None.
WP: B Saberhagen (7).
HBP: None.
IBB: None.
Pickoffs: None.

Other Info

Umpires: HP - Ted Hendry, 1B - Al Clark, 2B - Jim Evans, 3B - Dale Ford.
Time of Game: 2:32.
Attendance: 29,167.
Field Condition: Dry.
Start Time Weather: 79° F, Wind 5mph out to Leftfield, Night, No Precipitation.

Lineups

   Oakland Athletics                         Kansas City Royals                           
1. Luis Polonia                 LF       1. Willie Wilson                CF
2. Stan Javier                  CF       2. Kevin Seitzer                3B
3. Jose Canseco                 RF       3. George Brett                 1B
4. Dave Parker                  DH       4. Pat Tabler                   LF
5. Mark McGwire                 1B       5. Danny Tartabull              DH
6. Carney Lansford              3B       6. Frank White                  2B
7. Terry Steinbach               C       7. Bo Jackson                   RF
8. Glenn Hubbard                2B       8. Bill Pecota                  SS
9. Walt Weiss                   SS       9. Larry Owen                    C

   Curt Young                    P          Bret Saberhagen               P

Top 5 Plays

Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Out RoB R/O Pit(cnt) wWPA wWE Score @Bat Batter Pitcher Play Description
t3 0 1-- R 6,(1-2)  17% 71% 0-0 OAK L. Polonia B. Saberhagen Triple to RF (Line Drive to RF Line); Weiss Scores
t3 1 12- R 2,(1-0)  8% 82% 2-0 OAK M. McGwire B. Saberhagen Single to LF (Line Drive to Short LF); Javier Scores; Canseco to 2B
t3 1 1-3 OO 5,(2-2)  -7% 77% 3-0 OAK C. Lansford B. Saberhagen Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B
t1 1 1-3 O 3,(2-0)  -7% 50% 0-0 OAK D. Parker B. Saberhagen Foul Popfly: 2B (1B Foul)
t1 1 1-- 2,(1-0)  6% 57% 0-0 OAK J. Canseco B. Saberhagen Single to CF (Ground Ball thru SS-2B); Javier to 3B

Play By Play

Glossary · Click headers to sort · CSV · PRE · View Pitches · Box Score Explanation · wWE and wWPA Explanation
Inn Out RoB R/O Pit(cnt) wWPA wWE Score @Bat Batter Pitcher Play Description
Top of the 1st, Athletics Batting, Tied 0-0, Royals' Bret Saberhagen facing 1-2-3
t1 0 --- O 1,(0-0)  -2% 48% 0-0 OAK L. Polonia B. Saberhagen Lineout: 3B
t1 1 --- 6,(3-2)  2% 50% 0-0 OAK S. Javier B. Saberhagen Walk
t1 1 1-- 2,(1-0)  6% 57% 0-0 OAK J. Canseco B. Saberhagen Single to CF (Ground Ball thru SS-2B); Javier to 3B
t1 1 1-3 O 3,(2-0)  -7% 50% 0-0 OAK D. Parker B. Saberhagen Foul Popfly: 2B (1B Foul)
t1 2 1-3 O 7,(3-2)  -5% 45% 0-0 OAK M. McGwire B. Saberhagen Strikeout Swinging
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Athletics 0, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 1st, Royals Batting, Tied 0-0, Athletics' Curt Young facing 1-2-3
b1 0 --- O 5,(2-2)  2% 47% 0-0 KCR W. Wilson C. Young Strikeout Swinging
b1 1 --- 8,(2-2)  -2% 45% 0-0 KCR K. Seitzer C. Young Single to CF (Fly Ball to Short LF-CF)
b1 1 1-- O 3,(2-1)  4% 49% 0-0 KCR G. Brett C. Young Seitzer Caught Stealing 2B (P-1B-SS)
b1 2 --- O 4,(2-1)  1% 50% 0-0 KCR G. Brett C. Young Groundout: 1B unassisted (Deep 1B)
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 0, Royals 0.
Top of the 2nd, Athletics Batting, Tied 0-0, Royals' Bret Saberhagen facing 6-7-8
t2 0 --- O 5,(2-2)  -2% 48% 0-0 OAK C. Lansford B. Saberhagen Flyball: CF (Deep LF-CF)
t2 1 --- O 1,(0-0)  -2% 46% 0-0 OAK T. Steinbach B. Saberhagen Lineout: RF (Short RF)
t2 2 --- O 3,(0-2)  -1% 45% 0-0 OAK G. Hubbard B. Saberhagen Flyball: RF (RF Line)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 0, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 2nd, Royals Batting, Tied 0-0, Athletics' Curt Young facing 4-5-6
b2 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  2% 47% 0-0 KCR P. Tabler C. Young Strikeout Swinging
b2 1 --- O 9,(3-2)  2% 49% 0-0 KCR D. Tartabull C. Young Strikeout Swinging
b2 2 --- O 2,(0-1)  1% 50% 0-0 KCR F. White C. Young Groundout: SS-1B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 0, Royals 0.
Top of the 3rd, Athletics Batting, Tied 0-0, Royals' Bret Saberhagen facing 9-1-2
t3 0 --- 4,(1-2)  4% 54% 0-0 OAK W. Weiss B. Saberhagen Single to CF (Fly Ball to CF-RF)
t3 0 1-- R 6,(1-2)  17% 71% 0-0 OAK L. Polonia B. Saberhagen Triple to RF (Line Drive to RF Line); Weiss Scores
t3 0 --3 R 1,(0-0)  4% 75% 1-0 OAK S. Javier B. Saberhagen Single to LF (Line Drive to Short LF); Polonia Scores
t3 0 1-- 2,(1-0)  4% 79% 2-0 OAK J. Canseco B. Saberhagen Single to LF (Line Drive to Deep SS); Javier to 2B
t3 0 12- O 1,(0-0)  -4% 75% 2-0 OAK D. Parker B. Saberhagen Lineout: CF (CF-RF)
t3 1 12- R 2,(1-0)  8% 82% 2-0 OAK M. McGwire B. Saberhagen Single to LF (Line Drive to Short LF); Javier Scores; Canseco to 2B
t3 1 12- 1,(0-0)  2% 84% 3-0 OAK C. Lansford B. Saberhagen Wild Pitch; Canseco to 3B
t3 1 1-3 OO 5,(2-2)  -7% 77% 3-0 OAK C. Lansford B. Saberhagen Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B
3 runs, 5 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 3, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 3rd, Royals Batting, Behind 0-3, Athletics' Curt Young facing 7-8-9
b3 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  2% 80% 0-3 KCR B. Jackson C. Young Foul Popfly: SS (3B Foul)
b3 1 --- O 5,(1-2)  2% 81% 0-3 KCR B. Pecota C. Young Groundout: SS-1B (SS-2B)
b3 2 --- O 1,(0-0)  1% 82% 0-3 KCR L. Owen C. Young Groundout: 2B-1B (SS-2B)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 3, Royals 0.
Top of the 4th, Athletics Batting, Ahead 3-0, Royals' Bret Saberhagen facing 7-8-9
t4 0 --- O 4,(1-2)  -1% 81% 3-0 OAK T. Steinbach B. Saberhagen Strikeout Swinging
t4 1 --- O 3,(1-1)  -1% 80% 3-0 OAK G. Hubbard B. Saberhagen Popfly: SS (Deep SS)
t4 2 --- 6,(3-2)  1% 81% 3-0 OAK W. Weiss B. Saberhagen Walk
t4 2 1-- O 2,(0-1)  -1% 79% 3-0 OAK L. Polonia B. Saberhagen Flyball: CF
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 3, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 4th, Royals Batting, Behind 0-3, Athletics' Curt Young facing 1-2-3
b4 0 --- O 5,(2-2)  3% 82% 0-3 KCR W. Wilson C. Young Strikeout Swinging
b4 1 --- O 2,(1-0)  2% 83% 0-3 KCR K. Seitzer C. Young Groundout: 2B-1B
b4 2 --- O 4,(1-2)  1% 84% 0-3 KCR G. Brett C. Young Groundout: SS-1B (SS-2B)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 3, Royals 0.
Top of the 5th, Athletics Batting, Ahead 3-0, Royals' Bret Saberhagen facing 2-3-4
t5 0 --- O 7,(3-2)  -1% 83% 3-0 OAK S. Javier B. Saberhagen Flyball: LF (Deep LF)
t5 1 --- O 1,(0-0)  -1% 82% 3-0 OAK J. Canseco B. Saberhagen Flyball: CF
t5 2 --- O 2,(1-0)  -1% 82% 3-0 OAK D. Parker B. Saberhagen Popfly: 2B (Short RF)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 3, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 5th, Royals Batting, Behind 0-3, Athletics' Curt Young facing 4-5-6
b5 0 --- 2,(1-0)  -4% 77% 0-3 KCR P. Tabler C. Young Single to CF (Ground Ball thru SS-2B)
b5 0 1-- O 9,(3-2)  4% 81% 0-3 KCR D. Tartabull C. Young Flyball: CF (Deep CF-RF)
b5 1 1-- OO 6,(3-2)  6% 87% 0-3 KCR F. White C. Young Ground Ball Double Play: SS-2B-1B
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 3, Royals 0.
Top of the 6th, Athletics Batting, Ahead 3-0, Royals' Bret Saberhagen facing 5-6-7
t6 0 --- O 4,(2-1)  -1% 86% 3-0 OAK M. McGwire B. Saberhagen Popfly: SS (Deep 2B)
t6 1 --- 6,(1-2)  1% 87% 3-0 OAK C. Lansford B. Saberhagen Single to CF (Line Drive to Short CF-RF)
t6 1 1-- R 1,(0-0)  6% 93% 3-0 OAK T. Steinbach B. Saberhagen Double to LF (Line Drive to LF Line); Lansford Scores
t6 1 -2- 1,(0-0)  1% 94% 4-0 OAK G. Hubbard B. Saberhagen Single to LF (Ground Ball thru SS-3B Hole); Steinbach to 3B
t6 1 1-3 RO 2,(1-0)  1% 95% 4-0 OAK W. Weiss B. Saberhagen Flyball: CF/Sacrifice Fly (Short CF-RF); Steinbach Scores
t6 2 1-- O 2,(1-0)  -0% 95% 5-0 OAK L. Polonia B. Saberhagen Groundout: 2B-1B
2 runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 6th, Royals Batting, Behind 0-5, Athletics' Curt Young facing 7-8-9
b6 0 --- O 2,(0-1)  1% 96% 0-5 KCR B. Jackson C. Young Flyball: CF (Deep CF)
b6 1 --- O 4,(1-2)  1% 97% 0-5 KCR B. Pecota C. Young Strikeout Looking
Rey Palacios pinch hits for Larry Owen (C) batting 9th
b6 2 --- 1,(0-0)  0% 97% 0-5 KCR R. Palacios C. Young E2 on Foul Ball
b6 2 --- O 5,(2-2)  0% 97% 0-5 KCR R. Palacios C. Young Strikeout Swinging
0 runs, 0 hits, 1 error, 0 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 0.
Top of the 7th, Athletics Batting, Ahead 5-0, Royals' Tom Gordon facing 2-3-4
Tom Gordon replaces Bret Saberhagen pitching; Rey Palacios moves from PH to C
t7 0 --- O 3,(2-0)  -0% 97% 5-0 OAK S. Javier T. Gordon Flyball: CF (Deep CF)
t7 1 --- O 4,(1-2)  -0% 97% 5-0 OAK J. Canseco T. Gordon Strikeout Swinging
t7 2 --- O 5,(2-2)  -0% 96% 5-0 OAK D. Parker T. Gordon Popfly: SS (Deep SS)
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 7th, Royals Batting, Behind 0-5, Athletics' Curt Young facing 1-2-3
b7 0 --- O 1,(0-0)  1% 97% 0-5 KCR W. Wilson C. Young Groundout: SS-1B (SS-2B)
b7 1 --- O 6,(3-2)  1% 98% 0-5 KCR K. Seitzer C. Young Strikeout Swinging
b7 2 --- O 6,(3-2)  0% 98% 0-5 KCR G. Brett C. Young Groundout: 2B-1B
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 0.
Top of the 8th, Athletics Batting, Ahead 5-0, Royals' Tom Gordon facing 5-6-7
t8 0 --- O 3,(1-1)  -0% 98% 5-0 OAK M. McGwire T. Gordon Groundout: P-1B
t8 1 --- O 3,(1-1)  -0% 98% 5-0 OAK C. Lansford T. Gordon Foul Popfly: C (Behind Home)
t8 2 --- O 6,(3-2)  -0% 98% 5-0 OAK T. Steinbach T. Gordon Strikeout Looking
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 0.
Bottom of the 8th, Royals Batting, Behind 0-5, Athletics' Curt Young facing 4-5-6
b8 0 --- O 2,(0-1)  1% 99% 0-5 KCR P. Tabler C. Young Flyball: CF (CF-RF)
b8 1 --- R 1,(0-0)  -1% 97% 0-5 KCR D. Tartabull C. Young Home Run (Fly Ball to Deep LF-CF)
b8 1 --- O 2,(0-1)  1% 98% 1-5 KCR F. White C. Young Flyball: LF (Deep LF-CF)
b8 2 --- 2,(0-1)  -1% 98% 1-5 KCR B. Jackson C. Young Single to LF (Ground Ball thru SS-3B Hole)
Luis de los Santos pinch hits for Bill Pecota (SS) batting 8th
b8 2 1-- O 2,(0-1)  1% 99% 1-5 KCR L. de los Santos C. Young Groundout: SS-2B/Forceout at 2B
1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 1.
Top of the 9th, Athletics Batting, Ahead 5-1, Royals' Mark Lee facing 8-9-1
Mark Lee replaces Tom Gordon pitching; Brad Wellman replaces Luis de los Santos (PH) playing SS batting 8th
t9 0 --- O 2,(1-0)  -0% 98% 5-1 OAK G. Hubbard M. Lee Flyball: LF (LF-CF)
t9 1 --- 5,(2-2)  0% 99% 5-1 OAK W. Weiss M. Lee Single to LF (Line Drive to Short LF)
Dave Henderson pinch hits for Luis Polonia (LF) batting 1st
t9 1 1-- O 3,(1-1)  -0% 98% 5-1 OAK D. Henderson M. Lee Flyball: CF (Deep LF-CF)
t9 2 1-- O 3,(0-2)  -0% 98% 5-1 OAK S. Javier M. Lee Groundout: 3B-2B/Forceout at 2B
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 1.
Bottom of the 9th, Royals Batting, Behind 1-5, Athletics' Greg Cadaret facing 9-1-2
Greg Cadaret replaces Curt Young pitching; Stan Javier moves from CF to LF; Dave Henderson moves from PH to CF
b9 0 --- 4,(2-1)  -2% 96% 1-5 KCR R. Palacios G. Cadaret Single to CF (Ground Ball thru SS-2B)
b9 0 1-- O 3,(0-2)  2% 98% 1-5 KCR W. Wilson G. Cadaret Strikeout Swinging
b9 1 1-- 4,(2-1)  -2% 96% 1-5 KCR K. Seitzer G. Cadaret Single to RF (Ground Ball thru 2B-1B); Palacios to 2B
b9 1 12- O 1,(0-0)  3% 99% 1-5 KCR G. Brett G. Cadaret Flyball: LF (LF Line)
Dennis Eckersley replaces Greg Cadaret pitching
b9 2 12- O 4,(2-1)  1% 100% 1-5 KCR P. Tabler D. Eckersley Groundout: 1B-P
0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB. Athletics 5, Royals 1.

Retrosheet.org Boxscore:KCA198809080

Play-by-Play Explanation

  • RoB- This gives the baserunner (Runners on Base) configuration at the start of the play. "1-3" would mean runners on first and third. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • R/O- This has a "O" for every out on the play and an "R" for every run that scored on the play. Some plays will have both in no particular order.
  • Pit- When available, the number of pitches in this plate appearance. Clicking on this number will show the sequence of pitches thrown including, when available, things like runner going, ball blocked, attempted pickoffs and the like. We believe this data to be as accurate as humanly possible, but there are going to be some errors in the data, so please take it with a grain of salt. Clicking on this will show the defensive players and baserunners on the field for this play.
  • wWPA- Winning Team's Win Probability Added. The amount that this play increased or decreased the eventual winning team's probability of winning the game. More About Win Probability Added
  • wWE- Winning Team's Win Expectancy. The probability of the eventual winning team winning the game prior to this play given two average teams playing each other. More About Win Probability Added
  • Score- The score from the perspective of the batting team.
  • Batter- The batter at the plate when this play occurred. If the play is a baserunning event, then the batter's name will be repeated as indicated by quotes.
  • Pitcher- The pitcher on the mound when this play occurred.
  • Play Detail- This is an explanation of the play that occurred. In some cases, batted ball location and type will be indicated within parentheses. Again, these are best efforts to the record the game as it happened. Also, plays made on the baserunners (including the batter as a baserunner) will be indicated in parentheses after the baserunner's name. Advancement of baserunners is given in cases where the advancement is not easily deduced or obvious from the play. For example, advancement for a walk will not be given, but for a single or double it will be given.

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